A neural network-based power system stabilizer using power flowcharacteristics

A neural network-based power system stabilizer (neuro-PSS) is designed for a generator connected to a multi-machine power system utilizing the nonlinear power flow dynamics. The use of power flow dynamics provides a PSS for a wide range of operation with reduced size neural networks. The neuro-PSS consists of two neural networks: neuro-identifier and neuro-controller. The low-frequency oscillation is modeled by the neuro-identifier using the power flow dynamics, then a generalized backpropagation-through-time (GBTT) algorithm is developed to train the neuro-controller. The simulation results show that the neuro-PSS designed in this paper performs well with good damping in a wide operation range compared with the conventional PSS     

Effects of various post-treatments on carbon nanotube films for reliable field emission

In this report, the FE characteristics of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) treated using both thermal annealing and mechanical coatings on the as-grown CNTs systematically studied. It was found that in the high temperature annealed samples, CNTs were attacked at its root during annealing due to a small amount of oxygen, and were pulled out of the substrate in places after FE measurements because of the contact resistance. However, for the mechanically coated samples both with spin on glass (SOG) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), CNTs were found to be nearly intact after FE measurements and showed reliable FE characteristics over repeatable voltage scan. The reliability of CNTs during FE could be owing to the strong adhesion of CNTs to the substrate both by SOG and PMMA coatings.     

China＇s Electric Power Reform：Different Economics and Challenges

China＇s electric power reform has followed the western reform format, however, it doest not seem to have endorsed the liberalization ideology underlying the reform model. This raises the concern of whether and how a competitive power market may be established and reform objectives reached. The new market competition model is easy to build in theory. The experience of many countries suggests that the market reform is extremely difficult because of the interruptions by different interest groups. To transform a centrally planned power sector into a competitive power market is a daunting task. Policy makers need to take into consideration the transitional nature of the economy and power industry as they implement the competitive power market model.     

Reliability-based failure cause assessment of collapsed bridge during construction

Until now, in many forensic reports, the failure cause assessments are usually carried out by a deterministic approach so far. However, it may be possible for the forensic investigation to lead to unreasonable results far from the real collapse scenario, because the deterministic approach does not systematically take into account any information on the uncertainties involved in the failures of structures.Reliability-based failure cause assessment (reliability-based forensic engineering) methodology is developed which can incorporate the uncertainties involved in structural failures and structures, and to apply them to the collapsed bridge in order to identify the most critical failure scenario and find the cause that triggered the bridge collapse. Moreover, to save the time and cost of evaluation, an algorithm of automated event tree analysis (ETA) is proposed and possible to automatically calculate the failure probabilities of the failure events and the occurrence probabilities of failure scenarios. Also, for reliability analysis, uncertainties are estimated more reasonably by using the Bayesian approach based on the experimental laboratory testing data in the forensic report. For the applicability, the proposed approach is applied to the Hang-ju Grand Bridge, which collapsed during construction, and compared with deterministic approach.     

降低射频电路串扰噪声的布线方法

研究并解决了无障碍多层无网格射频电路的布线问题,主要包括三个部分:设计规则、串扰噪声限制和布线方法.首先通过设计规则计算连线参数,运用RLc模型估算串扰噪声,然后,按照需要连接的实节点个数进行归类并提出相应的布线算法.实验结果表明,该布线方法可有效地降低射频电路的串扰噪声.     

Damaged layer characteristics in micro-endmilling of copper using an ultrahigh-speed air spindle

This paper presents an investigation on the characteristics of damaged layer in micro-machining by using the ultrahigh-speed air spindle. The damaged layer in metal cutting is derived from plastic deformation and transformation of metal structure. In this study, micro-cutting force, surface roughness, and plastic deformation layer according to the variation of machining conditions were investigated by experiments. The damaged layer was measured using optical microscope for the samples prepared by metallographic techniques. Its scale was dependent on cutting process parameters, especially feed per tooth. According to experimental results, it was verified that the thickness of damaged layer was increased with increasing of feed per tooth and cutting depth, also thickness of damaged layer was reduced in down-milling compared to upmilling during micro-endmilling operation.