决策技术在油田开发中的应用

文章详细介绍了桩西油田在面对油田“三高”（采出程度高、综合含水高、剩余采油速度高）和资源接替紧张、成本控制难度大的情况下,应用决策技术对稠油区块开发的良好效果,通过应用决策技术,成功实现了稠油等高成本区块油井开发的“软着陆”,对油田稠油开发具有一定的借鉴意义。     

油管清洗方法应用与研究

旧油管清洗作为油管修复工艺中最基础、最关键的一环,其清洗质量对油管的使用成本、施工作业的质量有着重大影响;同时,其清洗方式也影响着清洗效果和成本、修复质量、操作安全性及环保等方面。针对传统清洗方法对结垢、锈皮旧油管存在着清洗效率低、成本高,环境污染严重等问题,提出了旧油管的内壁采用钻通与高压水射流相结合、外壁采用刷式清洗与低压射流清洗相结合的清洗方案。,现场使用结果表明,这种清洗方案提高了油管清洗质量和效率,降低了清洗成本,改善了工作环境,给油田企业创造了巨大的经济效益和社会效益。     

礁滩相碳酸盐岩气藏气层下限标准研究

普光气田是中石化在川东北探区首个投入开发的大型礁滩相碳酸盐岩气田。由于气田埋藏深、储层储集空间类型多样、储层物性在纵横向上差异大,且具有多套气水系统等特征,导致物性较差的Ⅲ类气层和气水过渡带处气、水层识别难度大。本文在储层储集空间类型判别基础上,利用测井、试气、分析化验等资料,建立单位气层厚度产能与渗透率、含水饱和度和孔隙度、电阻率与孔隙度等各种交会图版,识别气层、干层、水层,确定出了普光气田气层物性、电性等下限标准。研究成果直接指导了普光气田气水关系研究、井位部署及井型优化、投产层段优选、储层改造措施确定等,取得较好效果,并为气田动用储量评价打下基础。     

直流电机闭环调速系统设计与仿真

双闭环直流调速控制系统有较好性能,因而得到广泛应用。在实际应用中,选定电动机后,其参数是不可变的,只能通过改变双闭环直流调速系统内环电流调节器和外环的转速调节器的参数来提高整个系统的性能。建立系统的数学模型,分别按二阶最佳和三阶最佳设计方案,采用PI控制算法,对电流调节器和转速调节器进行设计,对所建立的模型在Matlab6.5的环境下进行仿真,试验证明此设计是可行的。     

池火环境下液化石油气储罐响应规律及影响因素

有关液化石油气(LPG)储罐火灾爆炸的研究,国内外研究者对池火环境下LPG储罐的热响应规律开展了大量的实验研究和数值模拟工作,但研究结果尚难以给出通用规律。为此,利用FLUENT软件建立了池火灾环境下LPG储罐热响应模型,以英国HSE管理局现场实验的卧式LPG储罐为例进行了三维数值模拟,计算结果与实验实测结果吻合较好。数值模拟结果表明:①池火环境下储罐内介质温度分布总体上呈现上部高下部低的趋势,气相及液相区的温度分层明显;②储罐内介质压力上升速率随着充装率的增大而增大;③LPG储罐失效是由介质温度升高导致的储罐内介质压力升高和气相区壁温升高导致的材料强度下降共同引起的。     

5G基站同步系统研究

在5G网络工程建设过程中,传统基站同步系统可能存在天馈线过多和集中放置等问题.通过GPS/BDS智能放大分配系统方案,在传统基站同步系统上增加主从机分配单元,可实现GPS/BDS信号多路复用和5G基站有效同步.实际测试和应用表明,GPS/BDS智能放大分配系统方案适用于基站BBU集中部署的场景,可以满足5G基站同步需求.     

Effect of Ca doping on the electrical conductivity of the high temperature proton conductor LaNbO4

The sintering properties, crystal structure and electrical conductivity of La_1−xCa_xNbO_4−δ (x = 0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.015, 0.02 and 0.025), prepared by a solid-state reaction, have been investigated using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). In 2.5% Ca-doped samples, a small amount of impurities Ca₂Nb₂O₇ were observed from the XRD patterns. Impedance spectra show that the grain boundary resistance increases with increasing Ca content, while the bulk resistance remains essentially constant below 550 °C. Despite the higher degree of grain growth observed for higher Ca doping levels, the total conductivity of the La_1−xCa_xNbO_4−δ series decreases with increasing Ca content from 0.5 to 2.0 mol%. The activation energy for the total conductivity decreases with increasing Ca content from 0.71 eV (x = 0) to 0.54 eV (x = 0.01) for the high temperature tetragonal phase, then it increases to 0.60 eV for x = 0.02. For the monoclinic phase, the activation energy exhibits similar trend except La_0.995Ca_0.005NbO_4−δ shows the lowest value of 1.26 eV. The Ca and Nb content present at the grain boundaries for La_0.99Ca_0.01NbO_4−δ are much higher than that on the grain surface, as determined from the EDS analysis. These results imply that the solubility of CaO in LaNbO₄ is in the range from 0.5 to 1.0 mol%. By increasing the sintering temperature from 1500 °C to 1550 °C, the proton conductivity of the Ca-doped LaNbO₄ was improved with enlarged grain size due to a reduction in the resistive grain boundary contribution.     

高加三通阀结构研究

本文介绍了高加三通阀几种结构的技术特点,分析了不同结构高加三通阀的性能,得出结论内置高压活塞三通阀适用于超(超)临界机组。     

Nano-photocatalytic materials: possibilities and challenges

Semiconductor photocatalysis has received much attention as a potential solution to the worldwide energy shortage and for counteracting environmental degradation. This article reviews state-of-the-art research activities in the field, focusing on the scientific and technological possibilities offered by photocatalytic materials. We begin with a survey of efforts to explore suitable materials and to optimize their energy band configurations for specific applications. We then examine the design and fabrication of advanced photocatalytic materials in the framework of nanotechnology. Many of the most recent advances in photocatalysis have been realized by selective control of the morphology of nanomaterials or by utilizing the collective properties of nano-assembly systems. Finally, we discuss the current theoretical understanding of key aspects of photocatalytic materials. This review also highlights crucial issues that should be addressed in future research activities.     

Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles stabilized on tannin-grafted collagen fiber

Bayberry tannin (BT), a typical plant polyphenol, was grafted on collagen fiber (CF) in different mass ratios. Subsequently, the BT-grafted CF (BT-CF) was used as carrier and stabilizer to prepare BT-CF stabilized silver nanoparticles (BT-CF-AgNPs). Scanning Electron Microscopy image of BT-CF-AgNPs showed that the BT-CF-AgNPs was in ordered fibrous state. X-ray Diffraction patterns and Transmission Electron Microscopy images offered evidence that the Ag nanoparticles were well dispersed on BT-CF. Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) investigations revealed that the Ag NPs were stabilized by the phenolic hydroxyls and quinones of BT on CF through electron donation/acception interaction. Antibacterial experiments demonstrated that BT-CF-AgNPs exhibited high antibacterial activity. When cell suspensions of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (10⁴–10⁵ cfu/mL) were contacted with BT_0.19-CF-AgNPs (mass ratio of BT to CF = 0.19, conc. of Ag = 8 μg/mL) at 310 K under constant shaking, the number of cells went down to zero within 2 h. In addition, the minimal inhibitory concentration of BT_0.19-CF-AgNPs against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Penicillium glaucum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was 2 μg/mL, 4 μg/mL, 6 μg/mL and 12 μg/mL Ag, respectively. During recycling use, the antibacterial activity of BT_0.19-CF-AgNPs against Escherichia coli can last for 5 cycles. These facts suggest that BT-CF-AgNPs can be used as a new and effective antibacterial agent.