Effect of Gd on microstructure,mechanical properties and wear behavior of as-cast Mg–5Sn alloy

Effect of minor Gd addition on the microstructure, mechanical properties and wear behavior of as-cast Mg–5Sn-based alloy was investigated by means of OM, XRD, SEM, EDS, a super depth-of-field 3D system, standard high-temperature tensile testing and dry sliding wear testing. Minor Gd addition has strong effect on changing the morphology of the Mg–5Sn binary alloy. Gd addition benefits the grain refinement of the primary α-Mg phase, as well as the formation and homogeneous distribution of the secondary Mg₂Sn phase. The mechanical properties of the Mg–5Sn alloys at ambient and elevated temperatures are significantly enhanced by Gd addition. The wear behavior of the Mg–5Sn alloy is also improved with minor Gd addition. The alloy with 0.8% Gd addition exhibits the best ultimate tensile strength and elongation as well as the optimal wear behavior. Additionally, the worn surface of the Mg–5Sn–Gd becomes smoother in higher Gd-containing alloys. The best wear behavior of alloy was exhibited when Gd addition was up to 0.8%, showing a much smoother worn surface than that of control sample. The improvement of tensile properties is mainly attributed to the refinement of microstructure and the increasing amount and uniform distribution of Mg₂Sn phase. The larger amount of Mg₂Sn phase uniformly distributed at the grain boundary of Mg–Sn–Gd alloys act as a lubrication during sliding, and combined with smaller grain size improve wear behavior of the binary alloy.     

Aroma components at various stages of litchi juice processing

BACKGROUND: Considering the importance of flavour on the quality of litchi juice, a study was conducted on how processing and operating stages influence the aroma components of clear litchi juice during processing. RESULTS: The aroma fractions isolated by solid‐phase micro‐extraction were analysed by capillary gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. According to statistical analyses, the amount of total and seven characteristic aroma compounds (geraniol, citronellol, phenylethyl alcohol, D ‐limonene, nonanal, geranial and linalool) increased significantly after enzyme hydrolysis, but decreased significantly during the process of enzyme inactivation, ultra‐filtration and sterilisation. CONCLUSION: The aromatic fraction of litchi juice decreased greatly during processing. The major losses in aromatic composition of clear litchi juice were related to the ultra‐filtration and sterilisation processes. With regard to the retention of aroma, an ultra‐filtration membrane with a larger pore size is better than a membrane with a smaller pore size, and a high‐voltage pulsed electric field was better than thermal sterilisation. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

振荡型波浪能转换装置中两种优化方法研究

该文基于线性波理论,从载体在波浪中的运动方程出发,以两种不同的优化角度推导了波能装置输出能量最大时的表现形式,最后以圆柱体作为波浪能转换的载体分析了两者方法的差异。数值计算表明在同一水深下,波能装置浮体的水线面决定了波能装置最优转换效率的趋势,而吃水深度决定了波能装置可达到的最大转换效率;对波能装置参数优化后运动在共振点的波能装置其转换效率并不是最大,而优化后的最大转换效率并不发生在共振点上。     

北极海洋红球菌（Rhodococcus sp.）B7740产类胡萝卜素的提取条件优化及甲基萘醌类类胡萝卜素鉴定

利用酶的高效性和专一性破裂细菌细胞壁,实现对类胡萝卜素的温和提取并鉴定。以加酶量、酶解时间和料液比作为单因素进行正交试验,得出最优提取条件为：菌粉与溶菌酶配比1∶10（mg/mL）、酶解时间80 min、料液比1∶80（mg/mL）,此条件下类胡萝卜素提取量为675 μg/g。采用液相色谱-质谱串联进行类胡萝卜素的结构鉴定,液相色谱-质谱条件为：色谱柱YMCC30（4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm）、检测波长450 nm、大气压力化学电离源、正离子模式、离子源温度230 ℃、充电电压2 000 V、质荷比扫描范围200～1 200,鉴定出分子式分别为C51H76O2和C51H74O2的2 种甲基萘醌类胡萝卜素。     

光伏并网发电系统对电网的影响及相关需求分析

从电压和频率稳定性、电能质量、短期负荷预测等方面,分析了光伏并网发电系统接入电网后对电网安全稳定运行可能产生的影响;并从继电保护、供电可靠性、电能计量、配电系统的实时监控和调节等方面,论述了光伏并网发电系统接入电网后对配电网可能产生的影响。此外,分析了光伏并网发电系统对电网仿真分析和计算以及电网研究试验环境将要产生的新需求,并就光伏并网发电系统对原有电网调度运行管理模式、运行准则、安全稳定导则的影响以及相应的法律法规制定等问题阐述了初步看法。     

CBX在线分析仪在水泥熟料生产中的应用

山东东华水泥有限公司有两条5000t／d新型干法水泥熟料生产线,生料质控系统一线采用了“自动取样器＋荧光分析仪”．二线采用了CBX在线分析仪。文章介绍了CBX在线分析仪的技术特点,对比分析了两套生料质量控制生产数据。结果表明：CBX在线分析仪的应用降低了二线的配料成本,增加了企业效益;并减少了入窑生料质量波动,稳定了工艺操作,对熟料的质量提升与稳定有明显作用。     

蠕变三轴仪的改装与验证

蠕变现象作为岩土材料的固有性质广泛存在于实际岩土工程中,是进行地基沉降及边坡稳定性分析等的一个重要因素,并成为研究的热点。系统阐述与分析了蠕变试验所涉及的试验仪器与加载方式,根据实际工程及科研对应力控制式三轴仪的需求,结合室内常规试验仪器优缺点,对常规三轴仪进行了改装,获得了可以进行应力控制的蠕变试验三轴仪。该仪器具有荷载稳定,操作方便等优点,并经试验进行了验证,具有一定推广价值。     

海洋温差能朗肯循环非公沸混合工质理论研究

在海洋温差能发电系统中,氨工质的做功能力较强,缺点是湿工质,且有毒、易燃,安全性较差。文章根据热力学性质互补原则,以R227ea/ammonia混合物作为研究对象,对其应用于海洋温差能朗肯循环的性能进行理论研究。研究结果表明:非公沸混合工质在相变时存在温度滑移,这有利于减少换热不可逆损失;随着混合工质中R227ea质量分数的增加,混合工质的毒性和可燃性降低;当R227ea的质量分数为0.15时,混合工质的热效率达到最大值,为3.1%。     

输变电设备检修计划决策技术评述

电网和技术的发展给输变电设备检修计划决策带来了新的机遇和挑战。分析了输变电设备检修计划决策关联技术,提出了新形势下检修计划决策研究及应用技术面临的主要问题和挑战,对输变电设备风险评估、计划方式下电网安全校核及风险评估、检修计划协调优化算法、系统研发等关联技术的发展现状进行了评述,并从输变电设备风险评估、检修计划优化决策、研发自动化系统方面提出了建议和技术展望。     

椭圆对称奇异空心光束通过硬边光阑的传输特性

通过将圆孔光阑函数展开为有限复高斯函数和的方法,利用惠更斯-菲涅耳衍射积分推导出了椭圆对称奇异空心光束通过具有圆孔光阑的近轴ABCD光学系统的传输近似解析公式,并对椭圆对称奇异空心光束在自由空间中通过不同孔径下的硬边光阑的传输特性进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明:自由空间中的近轴光学系统无论在近场还是远场,椭圆对称奇异空心光束的衍射光强分布都与光阑大小有很大的关系。该研究方法对椭圆对称奇异空心光束通过具有圆孔光阑的传输和变换的研究非常有益。