Analysis of Significant Parameters Influencing Formability of Titanium Alloy by Using Over all Evaluation Criteria and New Matrix Model Based on Taguchi Method

In this study indigenously developed Titan 31, has been hot rolled under alpha–beta process at elevated temperatures with heavy reduction and heat treated at different temperatures with different heat treatment processes to obtain microstructure which is conducive for formability. The uniformly distributed, globular and very fine micro structure has been obtained at finally rolled, and annealed at 800 °C. ANOVA analysis has been carried out to analyze parameters influencing formability on the basis of results obtained from tensile tests in plane strain at different elevated temperatures, at different cross head speeds and different angles to rolling as per Taguchi design of experiment, for anisotropy value, exponent of hardening and percentage elongation. A new matrix model has been developed to optimize formability parameters. The results obtained from new matrix model have been analyzed with results of Taguchi overall evaluation criteria considering combined effect of anisotropy value, exponent of hardening and percentage elongation. The optimized value from new matrix model are temperature 718 °C, crosshead speed 1.0 mm per min (0.00066 per second), angle to rolling to which specimen tested is 44.9° and that of Taguchi overall evaluation criteria temperature 725 °C, crosshead speed (0.0005 per second), angle to rolling to which specimen tested is 45° among all factors selected in the study.     

Hydrogen generation under sunlight by self ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays

Highly ordered TiO₂ nanotube arrays generate a considerable interest for hydrogen generation by an electrochemical photocell, since ordered architecture of nanotube arrays provides a unidirectional electric channel for electron's transport. Here, we report the hydrogen generation by highly ordered TiO₂ nanotube arrays under actual sunlight in KOH electrolyte. The two-electrode electrochemical cell included an adjustable anode compartment capable of tracing the trajectory of the sun and a set of alkaline batteries connected with a rheostat for application of external bias. The results showed that the photocurrent responses of nanotube arrays match well with the intensity of solar irradiance on a clear summer day. Addition of ethylene glycol into KOH electrolyte as a hole scavenger enhanced the rate of hydrogen generation. A maximum photocurrent density of 31 mA/cm² was observed at 13:30 h, by focusing the sunlight with an intensity of 113 mW/cm² on the surface of the TiO₂ nanotube arrays in 1 M KOH electrolyte with 10 vol% ethylene glycol under an applied bias of 0.5 V. The observed hydrogen generation rate was 4.4 mL/h cm² under the focalized solar irradiance with an intensity between 104 mW/cm² and 115 mW/cm² from 10:00 to 14:20 h.     

Sleep Disturbance and Metabolic Dysfunction: The Roles of Adipokines

Adipokines are a growing group of peptide or protein hormones that play important roles in whole body metabolism and metabolic diseases. Sleep is an integral component of energy metabolism, and sleep disturbance has been implicated in a wide range of metabolic disorders. Accumulating evidence suggests that adipokines may play a role in mediating the close association between sleep disorders and systemic metabolic derangements. In this review, we briefly summarize a group of selected adipokines and their identified function in metabolism. Moreover, we provide a balanced overview of these adipokines and their roles in sleep physiology and sleep disorders from recent human and animal studies. These studies collectively demonstrate that the functions of adipokine in sleep physiology and disorders could be largely twofold: (1) adipokines have multifaceted roles in sleep physiology and sleep disorders, and (2) sleep disturbance can in turn affect adipokine functions that likely contribute to systemic metabolic derangements.     

Nonlocal nonlinear bending and free vibration analysis of a rotating laminated nano cantilever beam

In this article, we present the nonlocal, nonlinear finite element formulations for the case of nonuniform rotating laminated nano cantilever beams using the Timoshenko beam theory. The surface stress effects are also taken into consideration. Nonlocal stress resultants are obtained by employing Eringen’s nonlocal differential model. Geometric nonlinearity is taken into account by using the Green Lagrange strain tensor. Numerical solutions of nonlinear bending and free vibration are presented. Parametric studies have been carried out to understand the effect of nonlocal parameter and surface stresses on bending and vibration behavior of cantilever beams. Also, the effects of angular velocity and hub radius on the vibration behavior of the cantilever beam are studied.     

Catalyst design for maximizing C5+ yields during Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process has great potential to accomplish energy security but also for utilizing greenhouse gases to address the energy problem. Different kinds of feedstocks like coal, biomass (via gasification), CO₂, methane (via reforming), and nonconventional energy sources are used to obtain the syn-gas (CO and H₂). The formation of hydrocarbons in the FT process follows ASF distribution over the majority of the catalysts. It can be overcome by the application of a suitable catalyst, controlling the active metal interaction with the support and interaction of formed hydrocarbon with the support. The ratio of syn-gas is important to maintain the desired conversion and to have more selectivity towards C₅+ products. Increase in the H₂: CO ratios in the feed increases C₅+ products and methane decreases. Whereas with the decrease in the ratios increases undesirable reactions and methane formation. In this article, we have discussed the recent literature from the viewpoint of increasing the C₅+ selectivity. Support has a profound influence on product distribution. With the application of suitable support and controlling the interaction of the active sites yields the good CO conversion with fewer lighters and higher C₅+ hydrocarbons.     

Data-parallel,volumerendering algorithms

In this presentation, we consider the image-composition scheme for parallel volume rendering in which each processor is assigned a portion of the volume. A processor renders its data by using any existing volume-rendering algorithm. We describe one such parallel algorithm that also takes advantage of vector-processing capabilities. The resulting images from all processors are then combined (composited) in visibility order to form the final image. The major advantage of this approach is that, as viewing and shading parameters change, only 2D partial images, and not 3D volume data, are communicated among processors. Through experimental results and performance analysis, we show that our parallel algorithm is amenable to extremely efficient implementations on distributed memory, multiple instruction-multiple data (MIMD), vector-processor architectures. This algorithm is also very suitable for hardware implementation based on image composition architectures. It supports various volume-rendering algorithms, and it can be extended to provide load-balanced execution.     

Steering Image Generation with Wavelet Based Perceptual Metric

It is often the case that images generated by image synthesis algorithms are judged by visual examination. The user resorts to an iterative refinement process of inspection and rendering until a satisfactory image is obtained. In this paper we propose quantitative metrics to compare images that arise from an image synthesis algorithm. The intent is to be able to guide the refinement process inherent in image synthesis. The Mean-Square-Error (MSE) has been traditionally employed to guide this process. However, it is not a viable metric for image synthesis control. We propose the use of a wavelet based perceptual metric which incorporates the frequency response of the Human Visual System. A useful aspect of the wavelet based metric is its ability to selectively measure the changes to structures of different sizes and scales in specific locations. Also, by resorting to the use of wavelets of various degrees of regularity, one can seek different levels of smoothness in an image. It is rare that such level of control can be obtained from a metric other than a wavelet based metric. We show the usefulness of our metric by examining its effectiveness in providing insights for common operations of an image synthesis algorithm (e.g., blurring). We also provide some examples of its use in rendering algorithms frequently used in graphics.     

Survey on Diagnosing CORONA VIRUS from Radiography Chest X-ray Images Using Convolutional Neural Networks

Wireless Personal Communications - Corona Virus continues to harms its effects on the people lives across the globe. The screening of infected persons has to be identified is a vital step because...     

More unsaturated,cooking-type hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol particle emissions from renewable diesel compared to ultra low sulfur diesel in at-sea operations of a research vessel

The aerosol particle emissions from R/V Robert Gordon Sproul were measured during two 5-day research cruises (29 September–3 October 2014; 4–7 and 26–28 September 2015) at four engine speeds (1600 rpm, 1300 rpm, 1000 rpm, and 700 rpm) to characterize the emissions under different engine conditions for ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD) and hydrogenation derived renewable diesel (HDRD) fuels. Organic aerosol composition and mass distribution were measured on the aft deck of the vessel directly behind the exhaust stack to intercept the ship plume. The ship emissions for both fuels were composed of alkane-like compounds (H/C = 1.94 ± 0.003, O/C = 0.04 ± 0.001, C_nH_2n) with mass spectral fragmentation patterns consistent with hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA). Single-particle mass spectra from emissions for both fuels showed two distinct HOA compositions, with one HOA type containing more saturated alkane fragments (C_nH_2n+1) and the other HOA type containing more monounsaturated fragments (C_nH_2n?1). The particles dominated by the C_nH_2n?1 fragment series are similar to mass spectra previously associated with cooking emissions. More cooking-type organic particles were observed in the ship emissions for HDRD than for ULSD (45% and 38%, respectively). Changes in the plume aerosol composition due to photochemical aging in the atmosphere were also characterized. The higher fraction of alkene or aromatic (C_nH_2n?m, m ≥ 3) fragments in aged compared to fresh plume emissions suggest that some of the semivolatile alkane-like components partition back to the vapor phase as dilution increases, while alkene or aromatic hydrocarbons contribute more mass to the particle phase due to continuing photochemical oxidation and subsequent condensation from the vapor phase.

Copyright © 2017 American Association for Aerosol Research     

Hydroxyl radical formation and soluble trace metal content in particulate matter from renewable diesel and ultra low sulfur diesel in at-sea operations of a research vessel

Reactive oxygen species, including hydroxyl radicals generated by particles, play a role in both aerosol aging and PM2.5 mediated health effects. We assess the impacts of switching marine vessels from conventional diesel to renewable fuel on the ability of particles to generate hydroxyl radical when extracted in a simulated lung lining fluid or in water at pH 3.5, for samples of engine emissions from a research vessel when operating on ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) and hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD). Samples were collected during dedicated cruises in 2014 and 2015, including aged samples collected by re-intercepting the ship plume. After normalizing to particle mass, particles generated from HDRD combustion had slightly to significantly (5–50%) higher OH generation activity than those from ULSD, a difference that was statistically significant for some permutations of year/fuel/engine speed. Water soluble trace metal concentrations and fuel metal concentrations were similar, and compared to urban Los Angeles samples lower in soluble iron and manganese, but similar for most other trace metals. Because PM mass emissions were higher for HDRD, normalizing to fuel increased this difference. Freshly emitted PM had lower activity than the “plume chase” samples, and samples collected on the ship had lower activity than the urban reference. The differences in OH production correlated reasonably well with redox-active transition metals, most strongly with soluble manganese, with roles for vanadium and likely copper and iron. The results also suggest that atmospheric processing of fresh combustion particles rapidly increases metal solubility, which in turn increases OH production.

Copyright © 2017 American Association for Aerosol Research