前混合磨料射流磨料速度测试的新方法

前混合磨料射流超强的打击力主要是由高速磨料群提供的,因此,磨料速度测试是磨料打击力分布规律等研究的基础。针对传统研究方法的不足之处,笔者提出采用PIV技术结合自主编程设计的磨料中心识别程序,实现非接触式测试手段下磨料速度测试实验研究,并利用该方法简要分析了喷嘴结构对磨料速度的影响。结果表明,在一定范围内增加直线段长度有利于提高喷嘴出口处磨料的速度,表明在喷嘴直线段末端磨料依然处于明显的加速状态;增加收敛段长度对提高喷嘴出口处磨料速度有一定的作用,但磨料速度增幅不大;收敛角较大时,液相在收敛段前半段加速缓慢而在后半段过于剧烈,因磨料颗粒加速滞后于液相的原因导致喷嘴出口处磨料速度降低。     

平面粘弹性大变形问题的研究

基于变形梯度的和分解定理(S-R 定理)和拖带坐标系,导出粘弹性体大变形的增量有限元方程.与 T.L.法和 U.L.法的增量有限元方程相比,方程简单,计算精度有所改进,而且速度快.     

Daily variation of carbon flux in soils of Populus euphratica forests in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River

In order to lucubrate the daily variation of respiration in soils of Populus euphratica forests and analyze its relationship with environmental factors in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River, the LI-8100 instrument of soil CO2 flux system was used to measure the parameters of soil carbon flux and air temperature 10 cm above ground surface along the profiles of Usyman, Archy River, Yengisu and Karday, and the relationships between the soil carbon flux and the soil moisture content were analyzed. The nonlinear regression analysis was carried out with the software SPSS13.0. We observed that: (1) soil respiration began to be restrained when the air temperature was up to 30℃ 10 cm above the ground surface; (2) the rates of soil respiration under the forests of Populus euphratica were significantly different at various moisture contents, the soil carbon flux was high along the Usyman profile,which has a high soil moisture content, and it was low along the profiles of Archy River, Yengisu and Karday, which has a low soil moisture content; (3) the exponential model can be used to explain the relationship between soil respiration and air temperature 10 cm above the ground surface. The average Q10 values along the profiles of Usyman, Archy River, Yengisu and Karday are 0.61, 0.16, 0.22 and 0.35 respectively, much lower than the average of the world; (4) there is a positive correlation between the soil carbon flux and the soil moisture content     

国际产业转移对我国外贸影响的研究

论述了当前国际产业转移发展的特点和趋势,提出我国接受国际产业转移过程中存在的障碍.     

农业生物技术与种业结构调整

分析了农业生物技术对种子行业结构调整的影响,当前种业面临的技术现状及其作用方式。论证了尽管中国杂交水稻与转基因作物研究居于世界前列,但由于制度约束与制度有效供给不足造成研究优势没能很好地转化为经济优势,中国种业面临巨大压力这一基本命题。     

保护粮食生产的必要性和迫切性

目前 ,我国粮食发展正进入一个新的历史时期 ,一是市场化进程的加快 ,导致粮食因比较利益偏低而在市场竞争与资源配置中所处的不利地位日渐明显 ;二是随着对外开放力度的加大 ,加入ＷＴＯ的临近 ,粮食将不可回避地受到来自国际上低成本、大规模、高技术含量、高效率农产品及粮食涌入的冲击 ;三是面对粮食和主要农产品供给短缺时代的结束 ,供给充裕和低水平相对过剩时代的到来 ,粮食发展必须迎接质量和效率提高的双重挑战。在这种新的形势和背景下 ,粮食生产要不要保护 ,是每一个研究粮食问题和有志于农业经济发展的理论工作者都必须认真研究…     

虚拟仿真技术在装配机械手控制系统中的应用

结合虚拟现实技术与电气控制技术,针对装配生产线的特点和控制要求,开发了一套虚拟仿真系统,可用于系统监控、调试和人员培训.利用罗克韦尔软件编写电气控制程序,通过RSTestStand软件搭建机械手自动装配系统的3D虚拟仿真模型,并基于虚拟可编程控制器(PLC),实现了直线型、余弦-直线型速度曲线调速方案在虚拟仿真对象上的应用.虚拟仿真对象的动作视觉效果和监控曲线表明,控制系统工作良好,通过在机械手各动作的启停、加减速、匀速转换时引入余弦调速方案对速度控制进行优化,有效减小机械臂关节的震动和顿挫,取得了较好的动作流畅性.     

自适应Retinex与Canny的炉膛火焰边缘检测算法

对炉膛火焰图像的增强与检测是获得炉膛内部燃烧情况的重要手段.首先,提出了一种自适应多尺度Retinex算法,提高了火焰清晰度和炉膛火焰与炉膛的对比度.其次,提出了识别火焰边缘改进的Canny算法,提高了火焰边缘清晰度.仿真结果表明,炉膛火焰与环境对比度得到提高,改善了图像的视觉效果,火焰边界连续且轮廓清晰.     

Photosynthesis of Populus euphratica and its response to elevated CO2 concentration in an arid environment

The photosynthetic characterization of Populus euphratica and its response to the elevated carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) were analyzed based on its net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr), and water use efficiency (WUE) at different groundwater depths measured by a portable gas exchange system (LI-6400) in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. The results showed that the elevation of [CO2] decreased the gs, and increased the Pn, Ci and WUE of P. euphratica. However, the effects of the elevated [CO2] on gs, Pn, Ci and WUE varied considerably with groundwater depth. The response of photosynthesis to rising [CO2] was stronger at the greater groundwater depth (more than 6 m) than that at the shallower groundwater depth (less than 6 m). The critical groundwater depth required to maintain the normal survival of P. euphratica was less than 6 m. When the groundwater depth increased to more than 6 m, P. euphratica encountered moderate water stress, and the plant suffered severe water stress when the groundwater depth increased to more than 7 m.     

基于网络的开放型数控加工实验教学系统

为了提高数控加工课程教学效果,建立了基于计算机网络的数控加工实验教学系统。该系统依托于校园网络和现代化数控加工实验室,将网络化教学平台、数控加工仿真软件和数控机床DNC加工系统紧密的集合在一起,实现了从教学,仿真检验到实践加工的开放型教学方式。通过该系统学生可以在线学习机床仿真操作,完成程序设计,进行仿真加工检验,提交仿真工件并选择加工机床和预约加工时间;待工件通过教师审核后,即可以到实验室进行实践加工操作。