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21.
22.
Turan Şenol Boysan Murat Tarakçıoğlu Mahmut Cem Sağlam Tarık Yassa Ahmet Bakay Hasan Demirel Ömer Faruk Tosun Musa 《Archives of sexual behavior》2021,50(3):885-895
Archives of Sexual Behavior - We compared gender dysphoria (GD) patients and their same-sex siblings in terms of their 2D:4D ratios, which may reflect prenatal exposure to androgen, one of the... 相似文献
23.
Willie M. U. Daniels Ianthe L. Pitout Thomas J. O. Afullo Musa V. Mabandla 《Metabolic brain disease》2009,24(4):629-641
Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) is emitted from electromagnetic fields that surround power lines, household appliances and
mobile phones. Research has shown that there are connections between EMR exposure and cancer and also that exposure to EMR
may result in structural damage to neurons. In a study by Salford et al. (Environ Health Perspect 111:881–883, 2003) the authors demonstrated the presence of strongly stained areas in the brains of rats that were exposed to mobile phone
EMR. These darker neurons were particularly prevalent in the hippocampal area of the brain. The aim of our study was to further
investigate the effects of EMR. Since the hippocampus is involved in learning and memory and emotional states, we hypothesised
that EMR will have a negative impact on the subject’s mood and ability to learn. We subsequently performed behavioural, histological
and biochemical tests on exposed and unexposed male and female rats to determine the effects of EMR on learning and memory,
emotional states and corticosterone levels. We found no significant differences in the spatial memory test, and morphological
assessment of the brain also yielded non-significant differences between the groups. However, in some exposed animals there
were decreased locomotor activity, increased grooming and a tendency of increased basal corticosterone levels. These findings
suggested that EMR exposure may lead to abnormal brain functioning. 相似文献
24.
Background
Dental caries is still the most prevalent chronic disease worldwide. In the occupied Palestinian territory, data about oral health status and its determinants are scarce. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of dental caries and associated factors among schoolchildren in a random sample of marginalised schools in the West Bank.Methods
Marginalised schools (according to the School Support Program [SPP] criteria) were stratified by district, gender, and grade level to select a random sample of 20 schools. Students in the sixth and ninth grades were interviewed by senior dental students about their oral hygiene and diet habits. Students' weight, height, gingival health, and dental caries experience were assessed. Senior dental students were trained and calibrated to carry out the interviews and the examinations. Parental informed consents were collected by school administrative staff. Ethics approval for the study was obtained from the Al-Quds University Scientific Research Ethics Committee.Findings
In total, 1282 students completed the interviews and the clinical screening. The mean decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index was 6·4 (SD 4·4). According to the WHO dental caries experience classification, 49% (309 of 623) of the sixth grade students and 74% (484 of 658) of the ninth grade students fell in the high and very high categories. The mother's level of education and recent visit to the dentist correlated negatively with DMFT score (ρ=–0·06, p=0·029; ρ=–0·063, p=0·024). BMI was correlated positively with DMFT (r=0·092, p=0·001). Drinking milk and fresh juices was related to lower DMFT scores (r=–0·077, p=0·006 and r=–0·072, p=0·010). In the final model, grade (β=0·314, p<0·0001), gender (β=0·058, p=0·034), recent visit to the dentist (β=–0·059, p=0·029) and drinking fresh juices (β=–0·054, p=0·047) were significant factors in explaining the high level of dental caries in this sample.Interpretation
Students in the marginalised schools of the West Bank have high DMFT scores that indicate high prevalence of dental caries. Access to dental care and bad oral health habits are associated with high disease prevalence. Interventions to improve access to care and increase awareness about healthy diet and hygiene habits are crucial to alleviate the burden of oral disease in this population.Funding
AMIDEAST School Support Program (SSP). 相似文献25.
Denny John Prabir Chatterjee Shruti Murthy Ramesh Bhat Baba Maiyaki Musa 《The Indian journal of tuberculosis》2018,65(3):208-217
Background
In India, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients are usually treated in hospitals. Decentralised care model, however, has been suggested as a possible alternative by the World Health Organization (WHO). In the “End TB Strategy”, the WHO highlights, as one of the key targets for 2035, that ‘no TB-affected families should face catastrophic hardship due to the tuberculosis’. Removal of financial barriers to health-care access and mitigation of catastrophic expenditures are therefore considered vital to achieve the universal health coverage (UHC) goal. Since forgoing healthcare due to the financial constraints is a known fact in India, decentralised care as an intervention choice (as against hospital-based care) might enhance equity provided it is an affordable choice. Thus, an economic evaluation was conducted, from the perspective of the national health system in India, to assess the cost-effectiveness of decentralised care compared to centralised care for MDR-TB.Methods
This study uses a decision-analytic model with a follow-up of two years to assess the expected costs of the decentralised versus the centralised approaches for MDR-TB treatment. A published systematic review of observational studies yielded the MDR-TB treatment outcomes, which included treatment success, treatment default, treatment failure, and mortality parameters. It was observed that these parameters did not vary significantly between the two alternatives. Treatment costs included the following costs: hospital admission costs, clinic costs, visits to laboratory and MDR-TB centre, drug therapy, injections and food. Costs data of drugs, diagnosis, hospital stay and travel to public facilities, based on a simple market survey, were taken from a recently published study on MDR-TB expenditures in the Chhattisgarh state of India. Potential cost savings related to the implementation of decentralised MDR-TB care for all patients who initiated MDR-TB treatment in India were additionally estimated.Results
Estimated average expected total treatment cost was US$ 3390.56 for the hospital-based model and US$ 1724.1 for the decentralised model for a patient treated for MDR-TB in India, generating potential savings of US$1666.50 per case, with ICER US$ 2382.68 per QALY gained. One of the primary drivers of this difference was the significantly more intensive (thus expensive) stay charges in the hospital. If the costs and treatment probabilities are extrapolated to the whole country, with 48114 MDR-TB patients initiated on treatment in 2017, decentralised care would have additional 1058 patients cured, gain additional 3824 QALYs, and avert 2165 deaths, as compared to centralised care, in India. At various scenarios of coverage rates of decentralised and centralised care the cost difference would range between 23% and 94% for the country.Conclusion
Our study provides evidence of cost savings for MDR-TB patients if patients choose decentralised treatment in comparison to suggested hospitalisation of these patients for centralised treatment with similar outcomes. The economic evaluation presented in this study expected significant efficiency gains in choice of two treatment options and the cost savings may improve equity. In India, treatment of MDR-TB using decentralised care is expected to result in similar patient outcomes at markedly reduced public health costs compared with centralised care. 相似文献26.
Intrathoracic lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) is classically of T‐cell lineage, but these cases of pleural B‐cell LBL suggest that this is not always the case. Despite the clinical challenges involved every attempt should be made to secure a biopsy and histological diagnosis, as we move into an era of lineage‐directed therapies. 相似文献
27.
OBJECTIVE: Carica papaya is an important fruit with its seeds used in the treatment of ulcer in Nigeria. This study investigated the anti-ulcerogenic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Carica papaya seed against indomethacin-induced peptic ulcer in male rats.METHODS: Thirty male rats were separated into 6 groups(A–F) of five rats each. For 14 d before ulcer induction with indomethacin, groups received once daily oral doses of vehicle(distilled water), cimetidine 200 mg/kg body weight(BW), or aqueous extract of C. papaya seed at doses of 100, 150 or 200 mg/kg BW(groups A, B, C, D, E and F, respectively). Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, groups B, C, D, E and F were treated with 100 mg/kg BW of indomethacin to induce ulcer formation. RESULTS: Carica papaya seed extract significantly(P<0.05) increased gastric p H and percentage of ulcer inhibition relative to indomethacin-induced ulcer rats. The extract significantly(P<0.05) decreased gastric acidity, gastric acid output, gastric pepsin secretion, ulcer index and gastric secretion volume relative to group B. These results were similar to that achieved by pretreatment with cimetidine. Specific activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the extract-treated groups(D, E and F) were increased significantly over the group B(P<0.05). Pretreatment with the seed extract protected rats from the indomethacin-mediated decrease in enzyme function experienced by the group B. Similarly, indomethacin-mediated decrease in reduced glutathione level and indomethacin-mediated increase in malondialdehyde were reversed by Carica papaya extract. CONCLUSION: In this study, pretreatment with aqueous extract of Carica papaya seed exhibited antiulcerogenic and antioxidant effects, which may be due to the enhanced antioxidant enzymes. 相似文献
28.
Alice Ramyil Patricia Wade Chris Ogoshi Musa Goyol Olukorede Adenuga Nantok Dami 《Ophthalmic epidemiology》2015,22(3):184-189
ABSTRACTPurpose: To determine the magnitude of trachoma and the prevalent forms of the disease, and to provide baseline data for the establishment of a trachoma control program in Jigawa State, northwestern Nigeria.Methods: A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in Jigawa State in May 2007 using a 2-stage cluster random sampling technique to select 4598 persons from 40 villages based on probability proportional to size. All participants were examined using a penlight and a 2.5?×?binocular loupe for signs of trachoma, and graded using the World Health Organization (WHO) simplified grading system.Results: A total of 4598 people were seen with 99.96% coverage. Of these, 2460 (53.5%) were female and 2138 (46.5%) were male. Mean age was 21.6 years (?±?19.8 years). The prevalence of follicular trachoma in children aged ≤9 years was 20.5% (95% confidence interval, CI, 18.7–22.4%) with no difference between the sexes. The prevalence of trichiasis in adults aged ≥15 years was 5%, and the prevalence was higher in females than males (odds ratio 2.60, 95% CI 2.06–3.28; p?<?0.001).Conclusion: Trachoma is a major problem in Jigawa State; there is a need to train trichiasis surgeons and empower them to carry out community-based surgery. District-level prevalence of trachoma needs to be determined to know which aspects of the WHO SAFE strategy (surgery, antibiotics, facial cleanliness and environmental improvements) need to be emphasized in each district. 相似文献
29.
Shamsudeen F. Fagbo Leila Skakni Daniel K.W. Chu Musa A. Garbati Mercy Joseph Malik Peiris Ahmed M. Hakawi 《Emerging infectious diseases》2015,21(11):1981-1988
We investigated an outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) at King
Fahad Medical City (KFMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, during March 29–May 21,
2014. This outbreak involved 45 patients: 8 infected outside KFMC, 13 long-term
patients at KFMC, 23 health care workers, and 1 who had an indeterminate source
of infection. Sequences of full-length MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) from 10
patients and a partial sequence of MERS-CoV from another patient, when compared
with other MERS-CoV sequences, demonstrated that this outbreak was part of a
larger outbreak that affected multiple health care facilities in Riyadh and
possibly arose from a single zoonotic transmission event that occurred in
December 2013 (95% highest posterior density interval November 8,
2013–February 10, 2014). This finding suggested continued health
care–associated transmission for 5 months. Molecular epidemiology
documented multiple external introductions in a seemingly contiguous outbreak
and helped support or refute transmission pathways suspected through
epidemiologic investigation. 相似文献
30.
The aim of this study was to examine optimal self-management in osteoarthritis and its association with patient-reported outcomes.
We recruited a population-based sample of Medicare beneficiaries (n = 551) residing in Allegheny County, PA, USA and elicited an expanded set of self-management behaviors using open-ended inquiry.
We defined optimal self-management according to clinical recommendations, including use of hot compresses on affected joints,
alteration of activity, and exercise. Only 20% practiced optimal self-management as defined by two or more of these criteria.
Optimal and suboptimal self-managers did not differ in sociodemographic features. Both white and African–Americans who practiced
optimal self-management reported significantly less pain, but the benefit was greatest in severe disease for whites and for
mild-moderate disease among African–Americans. This backdrop of naturally occurring self-management behaviors may be important
to recognize in planning programs that seek to bolster self-management skills. 相似文献