多重评价模式在急救护理操作技能考核中的应用

目的 :探讨急救护理操作技能考核的多重评价模式 ,促进急救护理操作技能教学效果的提高。方法 :选择 98级护理大专生 5 0人为对照组 ,采用传统的单一的教师考评评价模式 ;选择 99级护理大专生 5 0人为研究组 ,采用学生自评、学生互评、教师考评以及电脑测评等多重评价模式。由急诊科带教老师量化考评两组学生实习阶段的分析判断能力、应急配合能力及急救动手能力。结果 :研究组在急救应急能力、急救动手能力方面均高于对照组 (P均 <0 .0 1)。结论 :多重评价模式有助于改善或提高教学效果 ,提高学生临床急救能力     

乳腺叶状肿瘤的临床病理学研究

目的 探讨乳腺叶状肿瘤的病理形态学特点,分类和诊断标准,与复发转移的关系及其临床意义。方法 采用回顾性分析的方法对203例有随1访（6－372个月）资料的叶状肿瘤作了详细形态学持征的分析和分类研究,统计学聚类判别分析（SPSS软件10．0版）。结果 良性133例（复发28例）,交界性42例（复发19例,死亡2例）,恶性28例（复发18例,死亡15例）。统计学分析结果显示,肿瘤生长方式,瘤细胞异型性,核分裂象计数和肿瘤性坏死所组成的变量子集分类错判率为零。以此4项为主,完善了病理组织学诊断标准。良性,交界笥和恶性组间复发率,转移和死亡率差异均有显著性意义。肿瘤复发随术式的扩大而减少,2次以上复发占53．85％（35／65）。结论 此瘤可分为良性,低度恶性（交界性）及恶性三种类别。肿瘤生长方式,瘤细胞异型性,核分裂象和肿瘤性坏死是诊断此瘤并对其进行分级（分类）的重要依据。提示首次术式的选择的重要性,良性叶状肿瘤应选择肿物扩大切除术,对于复发的交界性和恶性肿瘤应作乳房切除术。     

In-feed antibiotic effects on the swine intestinal microbiome

Antibiotics have been administered to agricultural animals for disease treatment, disease prevention, and growth promotion for over 50 y. The impact of such antibiotic use on the treatment of human diseases is hotly debated. We raised pigs in a highly controlled environment, with one portion of the littermates receiving a diet containing performance-enhancing antibiotics [chlortetracycline, sulfamethazine, and penicillin (known as ASP250)] and the other portion receiving the same diet but without the antibiotics. We used phylogenetic, metagenomic, and quantitative PCR-based approaches to address the impact of antibiotics on the swine gut microbiota. Bacterial phylotypes shifted after 14 d of antibiotic treatment, with the medicated pigs showing an increase in Proteobacteria (1-11%) compared with nonmedicated pigs at the same time point. This shift was driven by an increase in Escherichia coli populations. Analysis of the metagenomes showed that microbial functional genes relating to energy production and conversion were increased in the antibiotic-fed pigs. The results also indicate that antibiotic resistance genes increased in abundance and diversity in the medicated swine microbiome despite a high background of resistance genes in nonmedicated swine. Some enriched genes, such as aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferases, confer resistance to antibiotics that were not administered in this study, demonstrating the potential for indirect selection of resistance to classes of antibiotics not fed. The collateral effects of feeding subtherapeutic doses of antibiotics to agricultural animals are apparent and must be considered in cost-benefit analyses.     

3-Year Outcomes of the ULTIMATE Trial Comparing Intravascular Ultrasound Versus Angiography-Guided Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore the difference in target vessel failure (TVF) 3 years after intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guidance versus angiographic guidance among all comers undergoing second-generation drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation.BackgroundThe multicenter randomized ULTIMATE (Intravascular Ultrasound Guided Drug Eluting Stents Implantation in “All-Comers” Coronary Lesions) trial showed a lower incidence of 1-year TVF after IVUS-guided DES implantation among all comers compared with angiographic guidance. However, the 3-year clinical outcomes of the ULTIMATE trial remain unknown.MethodsA total of 1,448 all comers undergoing DES implantation who were randomly assigned to either IVUS guidance or angiographic guidance in the ULTIMATE trial were followed for 3 years. The primary endpoint was the risk for TVF at 3 years. The safety endpoint was definite or probable stent thrombosis (ST).ResultsAt 3 years, TVF occurred in 47 patients (6.6%) in the IVUS-guided group and in 76 patients (10.7%) in the angiography-guided group (p = 0.01), driven mainly by the decrease in clinically driven target vessel revascularization (4.5% vs. 6.9%; p = 0.05). The rate of definite or probable ST was 0.1% in the IVUS-guided group and 1.1% in the angiography-guided group (p = 0.02). Notably, the IVUS-defined optimal procedure was associated with a significant reduction in 3-year TVF relative to that with the suboptimal procedure.ConclusionsIVUS-guided DES implantation was associated with significantly lower rates of TVF and ST during 3-year follow-up among all comers, particularly those who underwent the IVUS-defined optimal procedure compared with those with angiographic guidance. (Intravascular Ultrasound Guided Drug Eluting Stents Implantation in “All-Comers” Coronary Lesions; NCT02215915)     

主动加压减压心肺复苏对心跳骤停患者有效性的Meta分析

目的 系统性评价主动加压减压心肺复苏(ACD-CPR)对心跳骤停患者的有效性. 方法 利用Pubmed、Web of Science、COCHRANE LIBRARY、WanFang Data和CNKI Data等数据库检索建库至2020年1月的相关文献;严格按照纳入标准筛选文献、提取资料,应用Review Manag...     

定制型聚羟基乙酸/聚乳酸支架与犬骨髓基质细胞的体外复合培养

背景:聚羟基乙酸、聚乳酸均属于脂肪族聚酯,是一种具有一定机械强度和良好成型性能的生物可降解材料,在体内无毒,不聚积,且有良好的生物相容性。目的:应用CAD、CAM、快速成型和激光扫描技术等组成的数字医学系统制作聚羟基乙酸/聚乳酸三维仿真的下颌支髁突形态模型,并检测其细胞生物相容性。方法:通过CT扫描获得犬头颅骨影像信息,以CAD和CAM实现下颌骨髁突形态的三维重建影像,快速成型技术获得下颌骨髁突的树脂阳模。阴阳模转换获得相应石膏阴模,聚羟基乙酸/聚乳酸在阴模内成型。抽取犬髂骨骨髓获得骨髓基质细胞,与定制型聚羟基乙酸/聚乳酸支架在体外复合培养,检测支架材料的生物相容性。结果与结论:定制型聚羟基乙酸/聚乳酸支架和影像原型比较,当测试点误差小于1.0mm时,复合率大于95%。通过CAD、CAM、快速成型技术、预压成型技术和激光扫描技术等组成的数字医学系统可实现颅颌面下颌骨髁突形态结构聚羟基乙酸/聚乳酸生物材料的三维仿真。体外复合培养结果表明,定制型聚羟基乙酸/聚乳酸支架和骨髓基质细胞具有良好的生物相容性。     

那格列奈-静脉葡萄糖胰岛素释放试验评价2型糖尿病患者胰岛素第一时相分泌功能

目的用那格列奈-静脉葡萄糖胰岛素释放试验（NG—IVGIRT）评价新诊断的2型糖尿病（DM）患者胰岛B细胞第一时相胰岛素分泌的功能。方法8例新诊断的2型DM患者行NG—IVGIRT及普通葡萄糖胰岛素释放试验（IVGIRT）,8例正常对照行NG—IVGIRT。测定NG—IVGIRT及IVGIRT中服药前15min、注射葡萄糖前（0min）、结束时（2min）及后4、6、8、10min的胰岛素及血糖。结果2型DM患者0—10min胰岛素NG—IVGIRT明显高于IVGIRT;胰岛素曲线下面积（AUC）值NG—IVGIRT明显高于IVGIRT;血糖AUC值NG—IVGIRT明显低于IVGIRT。NG—IVGIRT0～10min胰岛素及胰岛素AUC值正常对照均显著高于2型DM,血糖AUC值正常对照明显低于2型DM。结论（1）NG—IVGIRT在某种程度上可以激发新诊断的2型DM患者第一时相胰岛素分泌的储备功能;（2）新诊断的2型DM患者NG—IVGIRT激发的第一时相胰岛素分泌的储备功能与正常对照相比仍有较大差距。     

Hepatitis C and blood transfusion among children attending the Sickle Cell Clinic at Mulago Hospital,Uganda

Background

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) accounts for 90% of post-transfusion hepatitis. In Uganda, there has been limited research of prevalence of HCV among sickle cell anaemia (SS) patients, a group at risk for multiple transfusions.

Objectives

To establish prevalence of HCV infection and determine whether blood transfusion increases risk among SS patients.

Methods

244 SS patients aged 1–18 years were recruited by consecutive sampling. Socio-demographic, clinical and transfusion history was collected. Clinical examination done and blood tested for HCV by MEIA.

Results

244 children were recruited. Of these, 159 (65%) had a history of blood transfusion. Among the transfused, five patients were HCV positive. Four of these were over 12 years of age. Among patients with no history of transfusion, one patient aged 14 years was HCV positive. Risk of HCV was higher among the transfused OR 2.7(CI 0.31–24). Patients who received more than two units were more likely to be HCV positive (p=0.03).

Conclusions

HCV prevalence of 2.5% was low but higher than that reported by other investigators in Uganda. Blood transfusion was a major contributing factor in occurrence of HCV. Children who get repeated transfusions should be screened for Hepatitis C and screening of blood for HCV prior to transfusion would help reduce occurrence of the disease.     

Nodding syndrome in Mundri county,South Sudan: environmental,nutritional and infectious factors

Background

Nodding Syndrome is a seizure disorder of children in Mundri County, Western Equatoria, South Sudan. The disorder is reported to be spreading in South Sudan and northern Uganda.

Objective

To describe environmental, nutritional, infectious, and other factors that existed before and during the de novo 1991 appearance and subsequent increase in cases through 2001.

Methods

Household surveys, informant interviews, and case-control studies conducted in Lui town and Amadi village in 2001–2002 were supplemented in 2012 by informant interviews in Lui and Juba, South Sudan.

Results

Nodding Syndrome was associated with Onchocerca volvulus and Mansonella perstans infections, with food use of a variety of sorghum (serena) introduced as part of an emergency relief program, and was inversely associated with a history of measles infection. There was no evidence to suggest exposure to a manmade neurotoxic pollutant or chemical agent, other than chemically dressed seed intended for planting but used for food. Food use of cyanogenic plants was documented, and exposure to fungal contaminants could not be excluded.

Conclusion

Nodding Syndrome in South Sudan has an unknown etiology. Further research is recommended on the association of Nodding Syndrome with onchocerciasis/mansonelliasis and neurotoxins in plant materials used for food.