精神分裂症脑结构异常与临床

半个多世纪以来，医学界对精神分裂症脑部形态结构的研究，一直受到各国学者的关注，但由于研究方法和使用标准不一，其研究结果不尽一致。近20年来，随着新技术的应用，如电子计算机断层扫描(CT)及MRI等，为研究精神分裂症脑部形态学改变与临床之间的关系，提供了良好的机会。国内外学者在这方面做了大量工作，现将有关资料综述如下：     

手法复位配合针刺治疗梨状肌损伤综合征78例

在坐骨神经痛患者中,因梨状肌损伤而引起比较多见。近年来,运用手法复位为主、针刺为辅的治疗方法,收到较好疗效。1临床资料本组78例中男28例,女50例;年龄16岁~77岁;病程2小时~2个月;发病部位左45例,右侧33例;急性扭伤者48例,慢性损伤30例。临床症状与体征:多数患者有蹲下站起时扭伤或斜身用力的外伤史,部分患者仅有夜间受凉史。自觉臀部肿胀,伴一侧下肢沿大腿后外侧放散性疼痛,强迫体位,走路时移行步态,身体半屈曲。症状严重者臀部疼痛剧烈,增加腹压时沿一侧下肢窜痛,但多数窜痛不过膝关节。患侧臀肌可有萎缩,用拇指深部触诊可触到隆起的条…     

藏药佐太对西红花苷-1大鼠体内药动学的影响

目的 探讨藏药佐太对西红花苷-1在大鼠体内药动学特征的影响.方法 对照组(连续ig生理盐水7 d)和实验组(连续ig佐太混悬液7 d或21 d)大鼠按5 mg/kg剂量im西红花苷-1后,采用反相高效液相色谱法测定给药后大鼠血浆中西红花苷-1的质量浓度,DAS 2.0软件计算各组大鼠西红花苷-1的药动学参数.结果 实验组大鼠分别按10 mg/(kg·d)连续ig佐太7 d和21 d后,西红花苷-1的药动学特征发生明显变化,AUC、C_(max)和MRT显著大于对照组,而CL和Vd显著小于对照组,并且随着佐太用药时间的延长,西红花苷-1的AUC增大.结论 给予佐太后西红花苷-1在大鼠体内的吸收显著增多、消除显著减慢.     

颈椎间盘突出症的髓核突出类型及其临床意义

目的对颈椎间盘突出症进行分型,并探讨其临床意义。方法手术治疗颈椎间盘突出症110例,根据MRI特点分为Ⅰ型,Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型,并就分型和临床的关系,选择手术方式。结果两节段以下的各型突出,含有Ⅱ型或Ⅲ型突出的多节段颈椎间盘突出,伴动力性颈椎不稳的各型突出,均应首选前路手术;三节段以上的Ⅰ型突出,发育性颈椎管狭窄合并Ⅱ型或Ⅲ型突出,应选择后路手术。结论颈椎间盘突出症的分型对手术入路选择有指导意义。     

胃良性和恶性病变组织中β-半乳糖凝集素3和接骨木凝集素的表达及其临床病理意义

Objective To study the expressive levels of galectin-3(gal-3) and sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) and their clinicopathological significance in the benign and malignant lesions of stomach. Methods EnVisonTM immunohistochemistry for assaying gal-3 expressive level and ABC cytochemistry for determining SNA expressive level were used in conventional paraffin-embedded sections from specimens of gastric cancer(n=49), peritumoral tissues(n=20), metastastic foci of lymph nodes(n=36), and different types of benign lesions(n=80). Results The positive rates of gal-3 and SNA were significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues than those in peritumoral tissues and different types of benign lesions (P<0.05, P<0.01). The positive cases of gal-3 and/or SNA in peritumoral tissues and benign lesions showed mild- to severe-atypical hyperplasia of mucous epithelial cells. No difference was found between the primary foci and metastatic foci in gal-3 and SNA expressions (P>0.05). The positive rates of gal-3 and SNA were significantly lower in histologic grade Ⅱ, infitrating depth T1,T2 and no-metastasis of regional lymph node than those in histologic grade Ⅲ, Ⅳ, infitrating depth T3,T4 and metastasis of lymph node in gastric cancer(P<0.05). The positive rates of gal-3 and SNA were higher in lymphnede metastatic site N1 and no-metastasis of distant organs than those in lymphnede metastatic site N2, N3 and metastasis of distant organs, but no significant difference was found (P>0.05). The consistence was found between the expression of gal-3 and SNA in gastric cancer tissues (χ2=6.59,P<0.05). Conclusions The expressive levels of gal-3 and SNA may be important molecular markers of lectins for reflecting the carcinogenesis, progression and biological behaviors in gastric cancer.     

新辅助化疗对结直肠癌的作用

目的探讨短程5-FU/CF方案新辅助化疗对结直肠癌细胞凋亡、增殖和p53表达以及术后并发症和预后的影响。方法分别采用脱氧核糖核苷酸末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法（TUNEL）和免疫组化SP法检测68例患者结直肠癌组织的细胞凋亡指数（AI）和ki-67增殖指数（PI）及凋亡相关基因p53的表达,并比较新辅助化疗组和对照组患者术后并发症的发生情况和预后情况。结果新辅助化疗组肿瘤细胞的AI均数为3.56%,明高于对照组的2.29%（P〈0.01）,PI均数为22.60%明显低于对照组的33.60%（P〈0.01）,p53阳性表达率为28.9%（11/38）明显低于对照组的56.7%（17/30）（P〈0.05）。两组中大肠癌细胞的AI与PI均呈负相关（r=-0.790,r=-0.663）（P〈0.01）。两组术后并发症的发生差异无显著性（P〈0.05）。两组的复发转移率和复发转移平均时间差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论短程5-FU/CF方案新辅助化疗可以显著诱导结直肠癌细胞凋亡,并抑制其增殖;降低结直肠癌组织p53的阳性表达率,而不增加术后并发症的发生,能延缓和减少结直肠癌术后的复发转移。     

年龄和性别与冠状动脉病变严重程度的相关性研究

目的:探讨年龄和性别与冠状动脉病变严重程度的相关性。方法:452例行冠状动脉造影住院患者据造影结果分为冠心病组(n=328)和对照组(n=124),以性别、年龄、高血压病、糖尿病、血脂、载脂蛋白等多重危险因素及冠脉评分进行多变量分析。结果:冠心病组男性比例、年龄均高于对照组(P<0.01);多元logistic回归分析显示:年龄、性别、高血压病和糖尿病与冠心病独立相关(P<0.05);逐步回归分析结果显示:年龄、性别、载脂蛋白B、高血压病与冠脉病变评分独立相关(P<0.01)。结论:年龄和性别与冠状动脉病变严重程度密切相关。     

胃良性和恶性病变组织中β-半乳糖凝集素3和接骨木凝集素的表达及其临床病理意义

Objective To study the expressive levels of galectin-3(gal-3) and sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) and their clinicopathological significance in the benign and malignant lesions of stomach. Methods EnVisonTM immunohistochemistry for assaying gal-3 expressive level and ABC cytochemistry for determining SNA expressive level were used in conventional paraffin-embedded sections from specimens of gastric cancer(n=49), peritumoral tissues(n=20), metastastic foci of lymph nodes(n=36), and different types of benign lesions(n=80). Results The positive rates of gal-3 and SNA were significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues than those in peritumoral tissues and different types of benign lesions (P<0.05, P<0.01). The positive cases of gal-3 and/or SNA in peritumoral tissues and benign lesions showed mild- to severe-atypical hyperplasia of mucous epithelial cells. No difference was found between the primary foci and metastatic foci in gal-3 and SNA expressions (P>0.05). The positive rates of gal-3 and SNA were significantly lower in histologic grade Ⅱ, infitrating depth T1,T2 and no-metastasis of regional lymph node than those in histologic grade Ⅲ, Ⅳ, infitrating depth T3,T4 and metastasis of lymph node in gastric cancer(P<0.05). The positive rates of gal-3 and SNA were higher in lymphnede metastatic site N1 and no-metastasis of distant organs than those in lymphnede metastatic site N2, N3 and metastasis of distant organs, but no significant difference was found (P>0.05). The consistence was found between the expression of gal-3 and SNA in gastric cancer tissues (χ2=6.59,P<0.05). Conclusions The expressive levels of gal-3 and SNA may be important molecular markers of lectins for reflecting the carcinogenesis, progression and biological behaviors in gastric cancer.     

大学生篮球运动员集训期间部分淋巴细胞亚群和Th1/Th2细胞因子mRNA表达变化分析

目的:探讨大负荷体能训练对大学生篮球运动员细胞免疫功能的影响。方法:14名男子大学生篮球运动员进行为期16周的集训,在训练期间分次对运动员外周血淋巴细胞亚群(CD3+、CD4+/CD8+淋巴细胞比值、NK细胞比例)和Th1/Th2细胞因子 mRNA表达进行检测。结果:在两次分别持续了6周的训练期后,运动员外周血CD3+淋巴细胞数于增加后出现显著下降,从第7周的峰值(59.74±7.18)下降至第16周的最低值(52.02±7.92)(P<0.001);CD8+细胞数第16周(31.15±6.25)与第3周(37.98±7.05)相比显著下降(P<0.05);NK细胞数从第7周的最高值(19.62±5.21)下降至第14周的最低值(14.41±7.93)(P<0.05);IL-4 mRNA表达训练后与基础值(6.56±0.71)相比显著增加,从第7周的7.04±0.35和第14周的7.30±0.25,直至第16周达到最大值7.36±0.45(P<0.05),其他指标的变化不具有统计学意义。结果提示,大负荷训练使运动员细胞免疫功能削弱,Th1/Th2平衡向Th2方向漂移。     

跷式骨科牵引架的研制和应用

目的 研制一种一架通用的骨科牵引架。方法 在我们发明的跷式下肢骨折牵引架的基础上，结合人体各部位牵引治疗的不同需要，对各构件进行多用途改造设计并新增构件，使其在需要时能重新组成各种类型的牵引架，材料选用金属。结果 经6次样机实验与修改，研制出可应用于全身各部位牵引的跷式骨科牵引架，结构包括可拆卸和重组的主件(主架，副架，基架)和辅件(L形架、功能扩张板、稳定杆)以及各种连接件等。经102例的住院、门诊和家庭患者的应用，重组功能和疗效均达到了要求，效果满意。结论 一台(架)具备全部骨科牵引架功能的装置(跷式骨科牵引架)的设计和制造是能实现的，并能获得良好的应用效果。