Intercellular junctions in FANFT-induced carcinomas of rat urinary bladder in tissue culture: in situ thin-section, freeze-fracture, and scanning electron microscopy studies.

This paper describes a set of simple methods for comparative light and electron microscopy studies on tissue cultured tumour cells derived from both noninvasive and invasive carcinogen-induced rat urinary bladder carcinomas. Cells are grown on Thermanox plastic coverslips and fixed in situ. Each plastic coverslip is then divided with scissors into four parts: the first is processed for light microscopy, the second for thin-section electron microscopy, the third for freeze-fracture electron microscopy, and the fourth for scanning electron microscopy. In some experiments, portions of the culture which have first been examined by light microscopy are subsequently prepared for electron microscopy. In this way, the culture conditions are kept constant and comparison of structural features (i.e. intercellular junctions) by several preparative techniques is possible. Noninvasive and invasive rat bladder tumour cells, characterized by numerous pleomorphic microvilli, have normal zonulae occludentes at the apices of lateral surfaces of tumour cells in all cultures. In some areas of invasive tumour cells, occludens junctions are focally attenuated, consisting of only one or two strands, and occasionally the strands are discontinuous. Gap junctions, type PF-1, as well as numerous demosomes are present in all cell lines. Thus, intercellular junctions in noninvasive and invasive rate bladder epithelial cell lines bear a striking resemblance to those previously described in the comparable solid primary tumours. These culture systems may be useful for studying factors which influence the formation of intercellular junctions during malignant transformation.     

Gefrierpunktsbestimmung bei Eiern von Huhn und Ente

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Oxidation of High-Melting Organic Compounds by Potassium Chlorate

The oxidation of anthracene, 9,9′-bianthryl and 1,1,2,2-tetraphenyl- 1,2-bis (9,10-dihydro-anthracenyl-9) ethane (TPDAE) by potassium chlorate and perchlorate, in the presence of vanadium pentoxide, was studied both by a batch method in closed ampoules and by gravimetry. The reactions took place with the participation of the gaseous phase while certain stages seem to be solid-solid processes.     

The IEEE P1520 standards initiative for programmable networkinterfaces

This article discusses the need for standard software interfaces for programming of networks, specifically for service and signaling control, through programming interfaces. The objective is to enable the development of open signaling, control, and management applications as well as higher-level multimedia services on networks. The scope of this effort includes ATM switches, circuit switches, IP routers, and hybrid switches such as those that provide for fast switching of IP packets over an ATM backbone. The basic ideas represented herein are in the process of development as a standard for application programming interfaces for networks under IEEE Standards Project IEEE P1520     

Emissions of metals associated with motor vehicle roadways

Emissions of metals and other particle-phase species from on-road motor vehicles were measured in two tunnels in Milwaukee, WI during the summer of 2000 and winter of 2001. Emission factors were calculated from measurements of fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM10) particulate matter at tunnel entrances and exits, and effects of fleet composition and season were investigated. Cascade impactors (MOUDI) were used to obtain size-resolved metal emission rates. Metals were quantified with inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). PM10 emission rates ranged from 38.7 to 201 mg km(-1) and were composed mainly of organic carbon (OC, 30%), inorganic ions (sulfate, chloride, nitrate, ammonium, 20%), metals (19%), and elemental carbon (EC, 9.3%). PM10 metal emissions were dominated by crustal elements Si, Fe, Ca, Na, Mg, Al, and K, and elements associated with tailpipe emissions and brake and tire wear, including Cu, Zn, Sb, Ba, Pb, and S. Metals emitted in PM2.5 were lower (11.6% of mass). Resuspension of roadway dust was dependent on weather and road surface conditions, and increased emissions were related to higher traffic volumes and fractions of heavy trucks. Emission of noble metals from catalytic converters appeared to be impacted by the presence of older vehicles. Elements related to brake wear were impacted by enriched road dust resuspension, but correlations between these elements in PM2.5 indicate that direct brake wear emissions are also important. A submicrometer particle mode was observed in the emissions of Pb, Ca, Fe, and Cu.     

Focal hyperexpression of hemeoxygenase-1 protein and messenger RNA in rat brain caused by cellular stress following subarachnoid injections of lysed blood

Induction of the hemeoxygenase-1 (ho-1) stress gene is of importance for rapid heme metabolism and protection against oxidative injury in vitro and in vivo. Although ho-1 expression is observed in glia following exposure to whole blood and oxyhemoglobin, expression is mild, and other stress genes are not induced simultaneously in this setting. Hemeoxygenase-1 can be induced by several other physiological stresses in addition to heme. In the brain, ho-1 induction has been observed in the penumbra following focal cerebral ischemia. Because lysed blood is a spasmogen, the authors studied focal hyperexpression of the ho-1 gene after injection of lysed blood, whole blood, or saline into the cisterna magna of adult rats. Immunocytochemical analysis of HO-1 was performed at 1, 2, 3, and 4 days after the injections. Because the 70-kD inducible heat shock protein (HSP70) is induced by cellular stress, alternate sections were immunostained for HSP70 to assess whether focal hyperexpression was a stress phenomenon. An oligonucleotide probe was also used for in situ hybridization to demonstrate that ho-1 messenger (m)RNA was present. Focal HO-1 immunostained areas were observed after lysed blood injection only and were located mainly in the basal cortex and cerebellar hemisphere, although focal hyperexpression was also found in many other regions. The intensity of staining and the number of regions were maximum at 1 day. Double-labeled immunofluorescence revealed that many HO-1-immunoreactive cells were microglia. The HSP70 immunostaining of adjacent sections from the same animals demonstrated focal regions of immunoreactivity whose topography corresponded exactly with the topography of the HO-1-immunostained areas. Conventional histology in regions of HO-1 hyperexpression was often normal. In situ hybridization using the same oligonucleotide demonstrated that ho-1 mRNA was induced in focal areas of forebrain and in large regions of cerebellum within 6 hours of injection. These results demonstrate that focal hyperexpression of the ho-1 stress gene occurs after lysed blood injection and appears to be an indicator of cellular stress and injury in regions in which infarction does not occur. These results also suggest that cellular injury that occurs after injection of lysed blood may go undetected using conventional histology. Although direct heme metabolism was not investigated, our results indicate that rapid metabolism of heme, both intracellular and extracellular, may prove to be beneficial after subarachnoid hemorrhage.     

Delineation of female performance on the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure.

103 female college students (aged 18–24 yrs) were administered the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure on Copy, Immediate Recall, and 20-min Delayed Recall. Ss were grouped based on handedness, familial handedness, and academic major (mathematics/science and nonmath/science). Based on the scoring system of D. Waber and J. Holmes (see PA, Vols 72:24305 and 74:9917) the mathematics/science anomalous dominance groups obtained higher mean scores than all other subgroups, and the non-math/science familial right-handers were the low performers. The high-performing groups may have an increased ability to coordinate the use of left- and right-hemisphere processing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)