Bilingual LSA-based adaptation for statistical machine translation

We propose a novel approach to cross-lingual language model and translation lexicon adaptation for statistical machine translation (SMT) based on bilingual latent semantic analysis. Bilingual LSA enables latent topic distributions to be efficiently transferred across languages by enforcing a one-to-one topic correspondence during training. Using the proposed bilingual LSA framework, model adaptation can be performed by, first, inferring the topic posterior distribution of the source text and then applying the inferred distribution to an n-gram language model of the target language and translation lexicon via marginal adaptation. The background phrase table is enhanced with the additional phrase scores computed using the adapted translation lexicon. The proposed framework also features rapid bootstrapping of LSA models for new languages based on a source LSA model of another language. Our approach is evaluated on the Chinese–English MT06 test set using the medium-scale SMT system and the GALE SMT system measured in BLEU and NIST scores. Improvement in both scores is observed on both systems when the adapted language model and the adapted translation lexicon are applied individually. When the adapted language model and the adapted translation lexicon are applied simultaneously, the gain is additive. At the 95% confidence interval of the unadapted baseline system, the gain in both scores is statistically significant using the medium-scale SMT system, while the gain in the NIST score is statistically significant using the GALE SMT system.     

Perceived cultural importance and actual self-importance of values in cultural identification.

Cross-cultural psychologists assume that core cultural values define to a large extent what a culture is. Typically, core values are identified through an actual self-importance approach, in which core values are those that members of the culture as a group strongly endorse. In this article, the authors propose a perceived cultural importance approach to identifying core values, in which core values are values that members of the culture as a group generally believe to be important in the culture. In 5 studies, the authors examine the utility of the perceived cultural importance approach. Results consistently showed that, compared with values of high actual self-importance, values of high perceived cultural importance play a more important role in cultural identification. These findings have important implications for conceptualizing and measuring cultures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

IPTV的关键广播构建模块

电信运营商和电视运营商在为消费者提供视频内容服务上不断展开竞争。然而，与电视运营商相比，大部分电信运营商的基础设施还不具备传输高质量视频所需的带宽。因此，在内容分配上，电信运营商没有使用正交振幅调制（QAM）和MPEG2视频编码等数字调制技术，而是采用了互联网协议（IP）网络，利用MPEG4-Part10（也称为H．264-AVC）等新的编码方案来为消费者提供视频内容。     

A 65-nm Dual-Core Multithreaded Xeon® Processor With 16-MB L3 Cache

This paper describes a dual-core 64-b Xeon MP processor implemented in a 65-nm eight-metal process. The 435-mm² die has 1.328-B transistors. Each core has two threads and a unified 1-MB L2 cache. The 16-MB shared, 16-way set-associative L3 cache implements both sleep and shut-off leakage reduction modes. Long channel transistors are used to reduce subthreshold leakage in cores and uncore (all portions of the die that are outside the cores) control logic. Multiple voltage and clock domains are employed to reduce power     

A Semi-Theoretical Fluorescent Lamp Model for Time-Domain Transient and Steady-State Simulations

Low-pressure discharge lamps obey a set of physical laws that are different from those of high-pressure discharge lamps. In this paper, these differences are addressed. Based on a recently developed HID lamp model frame, a semi-theoretical fluorescent lamp model that can be determined by genetic algorithms and simple electrical measurements is presented. This model does not require any lamp data from lamp manufacturers. Its parameters can be determined from electrical voltage and current measurements of the lamps under AC operation at mains frequency. With the same set of parameters, the model can predict the lamp terminal characteristics accurately under low, medium and high frequency operations. Good simulation results were achieved when the lamp power was reduced to 60% of rated power and when the lamp was operated under step-up and step-down transient processes. Simulation results for different sizes of tubular and compact fluorescent lamps agree well with their experimental results. Particularly, the differences between simulation results and experimental results under rated power are less than 10%. Hence, the proposed model shows a good degree of accuracy: 1) for different types of fluorescent lamps; 2) at different operating frequencies; 3) under different dimming levels; and 4) during step-up and step-down transient processes.     

Reconfigurable Microwave Photonic Filter Using Multiwavelength Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser

A microwave photonic filter using a simple and novel multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) is proposed. The filter was experimentally demonstrated featuring tunability and reconfigurability by adjustment of the output from the EDFL. The experimental results show excellent agreement with the numerical simulations.     

An investigation of the effects of the tool path on the removal of material in polishing

Uniformity of removal affects the finishing, and in some cases, the form accuracy of the polished surface. Tool paths are required for the automation of surface polishing. How the tool path may affect the removal of material in polishing is investigated in this paper. An analysis of how removal at a location due to polishing along adjacent path lines is presented. Four tool paths reportedly used in polishing are covered: scanning, bi-scanning, Hilbert and Peano paths. Removal in the inner surface as well as near the edges of surfaces is examined through simulations and analysis. The results show that, for the same path pitch, the peak-to-valley height (h_pv) in the inner part of the removal map is the same for scanning, bi-scanning and Peano, while the texture of the removal maps can be quite different. The h_pv values of Hilbert are more than double those of Peano, although both are fractal paths. Removal near the edges is particularly severe for scanning-type tool paths. The ratio of the edge peak height to the inner peak height is about 1.6 on average for scanning. The uniformity of removal further deteriorates as the ellipticity of the tool contact increases. When the contact direction is closely aligned with the path line direction, that ratio goes up to about 2.9 for contact ellipticity of 2. Polishing experiments have also been conducted. Both experiments and simulations point to the presence of edge effects in scanning paths and its absence in Peano paths. It is further proposed that, for more uniform removal of material: (1) changes in the tool path direction should be well distributed and (2) the direction of the path lines should be well balanced over the entire surface.     

Measurements of thermal diffusivity of boron-silicon film-on-glass structure using phase detection method of photothermal deflection spectroscopy

The phase detection method of photothermal deflection spectroscopy in the transverse configuration was used to measure the overall thermal diffusivity of silicon-boron (Si-B) alloy film on Corning 7059 glass substrate. Results were attained by observing the phase of deflection of the probe beam when it scanned above the film surface relative to the pump beam. Measurements were repeated for different modulation frequencies of the pump beam. Furthermore, both bouncing and skimming configurations were used. The effect of varying the distance between the probe beam and film surface was investigated.     

A third-generation SPARC V9 64-b microprocessor

This quad-issue processor achieves 1-GHz operation through improved dynamic circuit techniques in critical paths and a more extensive on-chip memory system which scales in both bandwidth and latency. Critical logic paths use domino, delayed clocked domino, and logic embedded in dynamic flip-flops for minimum delay. A 64-KB sum-addressed memory data cache combines the address offset add with the cache decode, allowing the average memory latency to scale by more than the clock ratio. Memory bandwidth is improved by using wave pipelined SRAM designs for on-chip caches and a write cache for store traffic. Memory power is controlled without increased latency by use of delayed-reset logic decoders. The chip operates at 1000 MHz and dissipates less than 80 W from a 1.6-V supply. It contains 23 million transistors (12 million in RAM cells) on a 244 mm² die     

Location of the egocenter in kinesthetic space.

The location of the egocenter in kinesthetic space was investigated in 4 experiments. Participants, with their eyes closed, adjusted a comparison stimulus after or while touching a standard in a transverse plane at the belly or shoulder level so that they perceived the line joining the comparison and the fixed standard as pointing directly at themselves. The mean location of the intersections of the obtained lines was taken as the location of the egocenter. The main results showed that the location of the kinesthetic egocenter depended on the hand or hands used for touching, the timing of touching, and the distance of the standard from the participant. Implications of these results were discussed in relation to models of the kinesthetic egocenter. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)