Preparation of ceramic coatings on inner surface of steel tubes using a combined technique of hot-dipping and plasma electrolytic oxidation

A new method for inner surface modification of steel tubes, named a combined technique of hot-dipping and plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) was proposed and demonstrated in this paper. In this work, metallurgically bonded ceramic coatings on inner surface of steel tubes were obtained using this method. In the combined process, aluminum coatings on steel were firstly prepared by the hot-dip process and then metallurgically bonded ceramic coatings were obtained on the aluminum coatings by PEO. The element distribution, phase composition and morphology of the aluminide layer and the ceramic coatings were characterized by SEM/EDX and XRD. The corrosion resistance of the ceramic coatings were also studied. The results show that, after hot-dip treatment, the coating layers consist of two layers, where Al, Fe_xAl _(1−x) were detected from external topcoat to the aluminide/steel substrate. Then after PEO process, uniform Al₂O₃ ceramic coatings have been deposited on inner surface of steel tubes. The ceramic coatings are mainly composed of -Al₂O₃ and γ-Al₂O₃ phase. The compound coatings show favorable corrosion resistance property. The investigations indicate that the combination of hot-dipping and plasma electrolytic oxidation proves a promising technique for inner surface modification of steel tubes for protective purposes.     

SBTV铁电材料的制备和微观组织结构

采用固相反应法合成了SrBi2Ta2O9(简称SBT)和V掺杂SrBi2Ta2O9(简称SBTV)陶瓷,通过TG-DTA、XRD、SEM、TEM等技术手段研究了材料的烧结工艺、相组成和微观组织结构.研究表明V2O5是一种很好的助烧剂,掺杂后材料的烧结温度可降低200℃烧结后纯SBT均为单一的钙钛矿相SBT;掺杂后2种成型工艺所制备的SBTV除了生成少量Bi4(V2O11)外,仍主要由钙钛矿相组成;同时所有的材料都发生了一定程度的择优取向.掺杂后材料的晶粒形态发生变化棒状转化为片状.同时V掺杂后引起了晶格畸变,产生应变,SBTV材料在透射中观察到具有α-边界特征的90°畴.     

Effect of temperature on anodic behavior of 13Cr martensitic steel in CO2 environment

The corrosion behavior of 13Cr martensitic stainless steel in a CO₂ environment in a stimulated oilfield was studied with potentiodynamic polarization and the impedance spectra technique. The results showed that the microstructure of the surface scale clearly changed with temperature. This decreased the sensitivity of pitting corrosion and increased the tendency toward general (or uniform) corrosion. The capacitance, the charge transfer resistance, and the polarization resistance of the corrosion product scale decrease with increasing temperature from 90 to 120 °C, and thus the corrosion is a thermal activation controlled process. Charge transfer through the scale is difficult and the corrosion is controlled by a diffusion process at a temperature of 150 °C. Resistance charge transfer through the corrosion product layer is higher than that in the passive film.     

Study on Tribological Properties of Polytetrafluoroethylene Drawn Uniaxially at Different Temperature

Summary: Wear behavior correlations with morphology have been established from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) drawn at 200, 327, and 375 °C with draw ratio about 4. The friction coefficient and wear rate for PTFE drawn at 327 °C are lower and the wear rate is lower than that of undrawn PTFE by about 30%. The structures of samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), DSC, and wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD). Results indicate that the debris morphologies of samples are different. The differences in the tribological behavior of undrawn and drawn samples were attributed to the improvement of the degree of the crystalline, fibrillation, and orderliness by drawing, especially, for PTFE drawn at 327 °C. The orderliness of molecular arrangement along the drawn direction is also higher for PTFE drawn at 327 °C than those of PTFE drawn at 200 and 375 °C, respectively. Therefore, the intensity of covalent bond along drawn direction is higher. The shear resistance and the deformability of the material are greatly improved and the size of the wear breakage unit decreases, which results in a good tribological property for PTFE drawn at 327 °C.

SEM morphology of fractured surface perpendicular to the draw direction for PTFE drawn at 327 °C.     

单组分阴离子水性聚氨酯胶膜的热质研究

应用热质分析（TG）研究了单组分阴离子水性聚氨酯胶膜的耐热性能，结果表明：n（--NCO）：n（--OH）增大，胶膜的耐热性能增强；聚酯相对分子质量增加，耐高温性能降低；用DEG扩链时的耐高温性能比用DEG／TMP时的好；TDI型水性聚氨酯成膜物的耐高温性能优于IPDI型水性聚氨酯。     

免水型生态卫生设施用降解菌的分离筛选

本文对免水型生态卫生设施中的生物填料及施有机肥农田的土壤进行了人类粪便降解菌的分离。筛选得到的各菌种在实验条件下，降解粪便效果较好，除臭除味，COD下降率在30％左右。其中在土壤中分离出来的9号菌，COD下降率达41％，全部菌种复合培养处理的下降率高达59％。结果表明，实验采用的分离筛选方法是比较有效的，筛选得到了具有较好降解效果的菌种，为降解菌的进一步试验打下了基础。     

改性低毒脲醛树脂的合成及性能研究

采用六亚甲基四胺做催化剂，加入聚乙烯醇（PVA）、三聚氰胺和硫脲作为改性剂，通过降低甲醛与尿素物质的量比、采用尿素分批加入的合成方法，制备出改性低毒的脲醛树脂（UF），使游离甲醛质量分数低于0．30％；采用捏合和模压成型方法，将改性和普通UF树脂分别与剑麻纤维（SF）制备UF／SF共混复合材料，研究了复合材料的力学性能和吸水性能。结果表明，甲醛和尿素物质的量比为1．1时，游离甲醛质量分数降低到0．16％；甲醛和尿素物质的量比为1．2时，三聚氰胺、PVA及硫脲加入量分别为尿素总量的2．0％，1．5％，1．0％（质量分数）时，游离甲醛质量分数降低到了0．10％，粘度达到0．41Pa·S，贮存期大于80d；改性UF／SF复合材料的性能比普通UF／SF复合材料的冲击性能和耐磨性能分别提高了114％和261％。     

多交联体系PU/分子筛复合材料的制备及表征

以聚酯多元醇(PEA)、2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI-100)和13X分子筛为原料,采用预聚法制备PU/13X分子筛预聚体,再将预聚体分成两部分,分别与不同比例的扩链剂(MOCA)混合反应,然后将两种体系混合后浇铸成型,制备出多交联体系PU/13X分子筛复合材料.对其力学性能、耐溶剂性能进行了测试并与聚氨酯材料的性能进行了比较.结果表明,多交联体系PU/13X复合材料的耐撕裂性能明显提高,拉伸性能稍有下降;通过DMA、DSC测定,表明多交联体系PU/13X复合材料的玻璃化转变温度降低,微相分离更好,阻尼性能下降;分子筛可以改善多交联体系PU/13X复合材料的耐溶剂性能.     

Trusted Integrated Circuits: The Problem and Challenges

Hardware security has become more and more important in current information security architecture. Recently collected reports have shown that there may have been considerable hardware attacks prepared for possible military usage from all over the world. Due to the intrinsic difference from software security, hardware security has some special features and challenges. In order to guarantee hardware security, academia has proposed the concept of trusted integrated circuits, which aims at a secure circulation of IC design, manufacture and chip using. This paper reviews the main problems of trusted integrated circuits, and concludes four key domains of the trusted IC, namely the trusted IC design, trusted manufacture, trusted IP protection, and trusted chip authentication. The main challenges in those domains are also analyzed based on the current known techniques. Finally, the main limitations of the current techniques and possible future trends are discussed.     

A Study on the Friction and Wear Behavior of PTFE Filled with Acid Treated Nano‐Attapulgite

Summary: A solid lubricant composite material was prepared by compression molding PTFE and acid treated nano‐attapulgite. The friction and wear tests were performed on a block‐on‐ring wear tester. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometer (EDS) and DSC were utilized to investigate material microstructures and examine modes of failure. Experimental results showed that there was no significant change in coefficient of friction, but the wear rate of the PTFE composite was orders of magnitude less than that of pure PTFE. Acid treated nano‐attapulgite was superior to untreated nano‐attapulgite in enhancing the wear resistance of PTFE. Moreover, the wear resistance of the composite increased monotonically with increasing treated attapulgite concentration. Investigation of transfer film and analysis of debris for PTFE and its composite showed that acid treated nano‐attapulgite filled to PTFE could facilitate formation of transfer film on the steel ring surface and inhibit breakage of PTFE molecular chain. The PTFE composite with higher heat absorption capacity exhibited improved wear resistance. Furthermore, the steel ring counterface abrasion was not found.

Effect of load on the wear rate of PTFE and its composites.