Replacement of beef fat in Frankfurters by interesterified palm,cottonseed and olive oils

Three interesterified vegetable oils (IVOs) prepared from palm, cottonseed, and olive oil, respectively, have been studied for application to Frankfurters. Beef fat (10%) was replaced by one of the IVOs at 20, 60 or 100%. Fatty acid composition of the lipid fraction in the Frankfurters and saturated/unsaturated ratios were established for all batches. We found that total or partial replacement of beef fat by IVOs did not lead to significant changes in appearance, colour, texture, flavour or sensory score. We conclude that IVOs may be successfully applied as beef fat substitutes in Frankfurters.     

The organisational learning effects of management accounting information under advanced manufacturing technology

This study empirically examined the organisational learning effects of the nonfinancial performance information provided by management accounting information systems (MAISs) under advanced manufacturing technology (AMT). In this study, a target costing system and the frequent and quick reporting of information were considered the facilitators of learning. First, we examined the relationships between AMT level and the amount of nonfinancial performance information produced by MAISs. The empirical results showed that there are significant positive relationships between the level of AMT and nonfinancial performance information. With a systems approach, we also proved the impact of the relationships among AMT levels, nonfinancial performance information and learning facilitators on the organisational performance of a firm. The results of our research suggest that under a high level of AMT, for the provision of information to result in an increase of performance through organisational learning, a target costing system must be introduced and a large amount of information should be provided frequently and quickly. The results of this study also showed that although AMT level may be low, fairly well-arranged facilitators and a moderately large amount of information may be necessary for the improvement of performance. In conclusion, effective organisational learning depends on the provision of relevant information as well as efficient learning support mechanisms.     

沸石加氢处理催化剂的制备方法

考察了渣油加氢处理催化剂制备过程中引入一种低硅铝比沸石的情况，它不仅提高催化剂的酸性，而且由于引入的分子筛孔径集中，最终使催化剂具有集中的孔分布，弥补了制备高活性催化剂采用混捏法的不足，制备出来的催化剂性能更优异。     

工业建筑多层框架的活荷载不利布置

以设防烈度为8度的框架厂房为例，详细分析了活荷载不利布置对框架梁、柱内力的影响，得出何时需要考虑活荷载不利布置、何时不需要考虑活荷载不利布置的结论，可供工程设计参考。     

纵横波测井资料在储层评价中的应用

将弹性波基础理论，Gasman理论，Biot理论和实验研究结果相结合，探讨了沉积岩地层中速度和弹性模量，弹性模量和孔隙度，剪切模量和孔隙度，速度和孔隙度，孔隙度和Biot系数之间的关系，利用从各种声学测井资料中提取出的P波和S波时差（或速度）定量评价地层孔隙度和骨架物质，辅以泥质指示测井曲线，可以计算地层孔隙度，饱和度，岩性等参数，在M，Krief方法的基础上，采用优化算法寻求适合于任何岩性地层的孔隙度与Biot系数之间的关系式，提高了Biot系数的计算精度，该评价方法有坚实的实验基础和理论基础，评价结果与实验室岩心分析数据吻合。     

大港白水头地区低阻油气层测井评价

在对白水头地区低阻油层的地质特征、物性特征及成因环境进行了分析研究后 ,应用测井曲线特征集法 ,把白水头油田常规油气层、低阻油气层、油水同层、水层等看成是独立的地质事件 ,建立了它们与测井曲线特征之间的对应关系 ,利用这种关系对未知地质事件进行了预测划分。最后根据所建模型定量计算储层各种参数 ,收到了良好的地质效果 ,表明测井曲线特征集法对于识别多成因的低阻油层是一种有效方法     

Automatic conversion from lexical words to prosodic words for mandarin text-to-speech system

In real speech, not like lexical words (LWs), prosodic words (PWs) are basic rhythmic units. The naturalness of a Text-to-Speech (TTS) system is directly influenced by the segmentation of the PWs. Most of the PWs are the combination of several LWs. In this paper, three Lexical Combination Models are proposed to combine LWs into PWs, including a Directed Acyclic Graph Model, a Segmentation Model and a Markov Model (MM). To cope with the situation where some long LWs should be segmented into two or more PWs, a Lexical Split Model (LSM) is applied to the long LWs. Experimental results prove that relatively constant results with various training data can be obtained from a MM. The Transformation-Based Error Driven Learning (TBED) algorithm, for its high performance of individual property, is applied in combination with the MM to improve the precision of PW segmentation. Experiments show that among the three proposed models, the MM combined with TBED and LSM, leads to the best performance, in which a precision of 93.00% and a recall of 93.23% are achieved. The perception test indicates that by using PWs as the lowest prosodic units a speech sounds more natural and acceptable than by using LWs. This paper is supported by NSFC Project (60503071); 973 Natural Basic Research Program of China (2004CB318102); Postdoctor Science Foundation of P. R. China (20070420275).     

A Constraint-based Approach for Annotating Music Scores with Gestural Information

The physical gestures that operate music instruments are responsible for the qualities of the sound being produced in a performance. Gestural information is thereby crucial for a model of music performance, paired with a model of sound synthesis where this information is applied. The highly constrained nature of performers gestures makes this task suitable to be modeled via a constraint-based approach, coupled with a strategy aimed at maximizing the gestural comfort of performers. We illustrate the problem representation, the search strategy and a validation of the model against human performance.