The simulation of the electrochemical cathodic Ca–P deposition process

Electrochemical cathodic deposition has been widely employed for fabrication of Ca–P films onto surface of titanium. However, systematical and theoretical analyses for this process are rarely reported. In this study, a model of Ca–P nucleation for electrochemical deposition process was proposed based on classical crystallization theories of thermodynamics and kinetics. The obtained results from this model referred to that: the following results are obtained: the Ca–P phase precipitated on titanium is DCPD under lower loading current (I₀ < 0.5 mA) and shorter loading time (t < 50 s); the preferential precipitated phase on titanium is OCP under higher loading current (I₀ > 0.5 mA) and longer loading time (t > 50 s). Inspiringly, this theoretical model was successfully validated with our experimental results analyzed through high-resolution TEM micrographs.     

Pronounced effect of the ionic liquid on the electrochromic property of the polyaniline film: Color changes in the wide wavelength range

The electrochemical polymerization of aniline in a solution consisting of 0.2 M aniline, 2 M H₂SO₄ and 30% ionic liquid (v/v), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate (EMIES), was performed at a constant potential of 0.70 V versus SCE. The spectra of IR and ¹H NMR of the resulting product, PAnIL, indicate that the ionic liquid (IL) was incorporated into polyaniline during the polymerization process. The cyclic voltammograms of the PAnIL demonstrate that the electrochemical behavior of the PAnIL in the solutions of pH ≤ 3 is the same as that of polyaniline synthesized in the same conditions, but in the absence of the IL; however, the PAnIL in a solution of 0.3 M Na₂SO₄ with pH 12.0 still holds the redox activity. A significant result from the in situ spectroelectrochemical study shows that the absorption peak of the PAnIL film in a solution consisting of 0.3 M Na₂SO₄ and 20% IL (v/v) with pH 5.0 shifts from 509 to 890 nm, accompanied with the changes of colors from red-purple to violet, blue, green, greenish yellow and pale yellow, as the applied potential decreases from 0.70 to −0.10 V versus Ag/AgCl with saturated KCl solution, and vice versa. The response time is within 2 s for the color change of the PAnIL film from red-purple to pale yellow.     

Remaining useful life prediction of lithium-ion battery based on an improved particle filter algorithm

Because lithium-ion batteries are the main power source of industrial electronic equipment, their degradation process modelling and remaining useful life (RUL) prediction problems have attracted wide attention. The particle filter (PF) method has been successfully applied to suppress the model uncertainty and predict the RUL of the lithium-ion battery. In order to further enhance the stability of the PF method and realize a more satisfactory prediction result, a RUL prediction method based on the hybrid algorithm, which combines the PF algorithm and extended unbiased finite impulse response (EFIR) filter, is proposed. Firstly, the state space model of capacity degradation for the lithium-ion battery is established, and the model parameters are estimated by the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm. Secondly, a preliminary battery capacity is predicted by using a regularized particle filter. The preliminary predictions with large deviations are diagnosed and repaired by combining the EFIR filter and diagnostic strategy. Finally, the optimized RUL prediction results of the lithium-ion battery are extrapolated based on the failure threshold. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed method has good stability and accuracy in predicting the RUL of a lithium-ion battery.     

我国农村污水处理现状问题分析及治理模式探讨

系统阐述了我国农村污水治理现存的管理问题和技术问题,并从治理技术和管理机制两方面提出系统对策措施,建立了从污水收集、处理利用到线上线下耦合运维的技术对策和"三位一体"可持续性管理模式,并提出了村镇污水治理的未来发展建议,相关成果已收录于《雄安新区分散村镇污水处理规划方案》,以期为雄安新区乃至全国农村污水治理提供系统综合解决方案.     

Synthesis of poly(aniline-co-5-aminosalicylic acid) and its properties

The copolymerization of aniline and 5-aminosalicylic acid (ASA) in H₂SO₄ solution was first carried out on a glassy carbon electrode using cyclic voltammetry. The spectra of IR and ¹H NMR demonstrated the presence of –OH group, –COOH group, and free radical in the polymer, indicating that the copolymerization of aniline and ASA took place under the electrolysis to form poly(aniline-co-5-aminosalicylic acid) (PAASA). The electric properties of PAASA are strongly dependent on the monomer concentration ratio in a reaction mixture and the upper switching potential used for the synthesis of the copolymer and the electrode materials. PAASA synthesized under the optimal conditions has a good redox activity from pH < 1 to pH 12.0; and in particular, only a 37.6% decay of the redox activity was observed after consecutive cycles from pH 4.0 to 12.0 based on cyclic voltammograms. The spectra of ¹H NMR revealed some unexpectedly magnetic properties of the deprotonated PAASA. This would be the primary cause why PAASA still holds a high redox activity at pH 12.0. The conductivity of PAASA is 0.58 S cm^?1 that is lower than that of polyaniline.     

煤气回火热处理炉的设计与应用

介绍了煤气回火热处理炉的参数、设计方案及使用状况,重点就燃烧系统、热风循环系统和控制系统进行分析,总结了该炉的使用效果,及其在技术上和经济上的推广应用价值。     

Selective Catalytic Reductions of Amides and Nitriles to Amines

This personal account summarizes our recent developments of catalytic hydrosilylations and hydrogenations of carboxylic amides and nitriles to selectively give amines. Special focus is given to highly chemoselective iron- and zinc-catalyzed reductions of amides.     

红外光谱法测定聚丙烯中透明成核剂含量研究

利用注塑法制备校准和测试样片,根据聚丙烯（PP）中山梨醇缩醛类透明剂成核剂在1 073 cm^-1处的特征吸收峰进行定性和定量,建立了用红外光谱法测定PP中山梨醇缩醛类透明剂成核剂含量的方法,克服了制片厚度对测试结果的影响。结果表明,透明剂含量与其特征峰的吸光度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数达 0.999 4,样品中透明成核剂含量测定结果回收率在98.59 %~100.02 % 之间;该方法检测速度快、检测精度高、绿色环保,非常适合于PP中透明成核剂含量的测定。     

基于单周期控制的单相APFC研究

单周期控制以其结构简单、系统可靠稳定、功率因数高而得到推广,文中分析现阶段典型的PFC电路存在的缺陷,阐述了单周期控制的优势和单周期单相PFC的工作原理,并建立了相应的仿真模型,给出了对比仿真结果。结果表明,单周期控制的Boost PFC功率因数更高,谐波失真小。     

线接触弹流摩擦副的动特性研究

基于机械振动学和弹流润滑理论,将弹流油膜简化为弹簧阻尼,建立了线接触摩擦副的摩擦学、动力学耦合模型,用数值方法求解了摩擦副的振动响应,通过简谐激励下系统的阻尼环求得摩擦副的刚度和阻尼,分析了载荷、速度对摩擦副动力学特性的影响.结果 表明:弹流油膜具有显著的刚度、阻尼特征;弹流状态下,当速度一定时,摩擦副的刚度、阻尼随载荷增加而几乎线性地增加;而当载荷一定时,摩擦副的刚度、阻尼随速度的增加而指数般减小.