Entropy optimized MHD fluid flow over a vertical stretching sheet in presence of radiation

The present article describes the influence of radiation on two-dimensional laminar magnetohydrodynamic fluid flow passing over a convective surface. The behavior of the thermal equation is explored through Joule heating, heat generation/absorption, and viscous dissipation. The aim of this study is to examine the physical behavior of the entropy optimization rate. The Cartesian coordinates system is used to model the flow equations. Using similarity variables, a system of partial differential equations is converted into a system of ordinary differential equations. The problem is solved using HAM. The influence of various pertinent parameters on fluid characteristics is graphically explored. Velocity decreases for an increased amount of magnetic parameter, suction parameter, and velocity slip parameter, while behaves the opposite for Grashof number. Temperature increases for a large amount for Brinkman number, magnetic parameter, and radiation parameter, while decreases for Prandtl number. Entropy generation rate increases for Brinkman number, magnetic parameter, and temperature difference parameter. Bejan number decreases for Brinkman number while behaves the opposite for magnetic parameter and temperature difference parameter. Skin friction decreases for large values of magnetic parameters while behaving the opposite for a large amount of velocity slip parameter. Nusselt number decreases for a large amount of Brinkman number. For a better understanding of the study, comparison between numerical outcomes of entropy generation rate and Bejan number for different values of Prandtl number has been done through tables. Also, numerical outcomes of skin friction and Nusselt number are discussed using pertinent parameters through tables.     

Antigenic characterization of Indian isolates and vaccine strains of Newcastle disease virus

Activation of cardiac muscle is mediated by the His-Purkinje system, a discrete pathway containing fast-conducting cells (Purkinje fibers) which coordinate the spread of excitation from the atrioventricular node (AV node) to ventricular myocardium [1]. Although pathologies of this specialized conduction system are common in humans, especially among the elderly [2], their molecular bases have not been defined. Gap junctions are present at appositions between Purkinje fibers and could provide a mechanism for propagating impulses between these cells [3]. Studies of the expression of connexins - the family of proteins from which gap junctions are formed - reveal that connexin40 (Cx40) is prominent in the conduction system [4]. In order to study the role of gap junction communication in cardiac conduction, we generated mice that lack Cx40. Using electrocardiographic analysis, we show that Cx40 null mice have cardiac conduction abnormalities characteristic of first-degree atrioventricular block with associated bundle branch block. Thus, gap junctions are essential for the rapid conduction of impulses in the His-Purkinje system.     

Experimental Investigation into the Hole Quality in Ultrasonic Machining of WC-Co Composite

This study has focused on the evaluation of the influence of different input variables (cobalt content, thickness of workpiece, tool profile, tool material, size of abrasive grains, and power rating) on the hole quality (dimensional and form accuracy) obtained in ultrasonic machining of WC-Co composite material. Taguchi's approach has been employed for planning the experiments and optimization of the experimental results. Three measures of hole quality (hole oversize, out of roundness, and conicity) have been investigated under controlled experimental conditions. The experimental results showed that abrasive grit size and power rating were most influential for the hole quality. Hole quality has been found to be improved at higher cobalt content, whereas it is found to be degraded with the use of coarse grit size.     

Willingness to pay for environmental improvements in hydropower regulated rivers

This paper uses a choice experiment to estimate how Swedish households value different environmental improvements for the hydropower regulated rivers. We obtained clear evidence that Swedish households have preferences for environmental improvement in hydropower regulated waters, at least when the cost is relatively low. Remedial measures that improve the conditions for all of the included environmental attributes i.e. fish, benthic invertebrates, river-margin vegetation and birds were found to have a significant welfare increasing impact. The results can be of value for the implementation of the Water Framework Directives in Sweden, which aims to reform the use of all surface water and ground water in the member states.     

视频点播的未来

一、VoD的现状与未来 随着媒体服务的数字化及互动程度日益提高,压缩技术的进步促使带宽需求不断降低,当今的市场正经历一场重大变革。随着消费业务日益增多,网络接入带宽得到了广泛普及。上述趋势与卓越的电信性能及丰富的媒体内容的融合正给视频点播业务传输带来翻天覆地的变化。     

Nanomechanical characterization of thermally evaporated Cr thin films — FE analysis of the substrate effect

We study the substrate effect on the deformation and hardness behaviour of chromium thin films using nanoindentation technique. Two different substrates namely Si (100) and AISI-304 SS are used in order to obtain a soft film on a hard substrate and a hard film on a soft substrate combination. Typical hardness variations for the two combinations are obtained. It is also observed that Cr thin films deposited on two different substrates deform distinctly. Radial cracks are found to develop in the case of Cr film on Si whereas circumferential cracks are produced in the case of Cr film on SS substrate. Using 2-D finite element analysis, it is found that the substrate not only affects the development of plastic zone but also the stress distribution in the films which results in observed distinct hardness and deformation behaviour.     

Personal computer-basedcamac system for data acquisition

A single board auxiliarycamac crate controller for a Z80-A based personal computer ZX-spectrum to drive thecamac crate housing multipleadc, tdc, dac and 16 I/O ports has been developed. Thecamac crate controller used in this system is of A2 type which supports multiple auxiliary crate controllers. Acamac exerciser/training software for the use ofcamac commands in process control as well as data acquisition has been developed.     

Sensitivity of Rs-measurement of HTS thin films by threeprime resonant techniques: cavity resonator, dielectric resonator, andmicrostrip resonator

The microwave surface resistance, R_s measurement of YBa ₂Cu₃0_{7 -δ} (YBCO) thin film deposited on 10 mm × 10 mm LaAlO₃ substrate using three prime resonating techniques, namely, cavity end plate substitution technique (20 GHz), dielectric resonator technique (18 GHz), and microstrip resonator technique (5 GHz), is reported. In addition, theoretical analysis for each technique has been performed to calculate the relative percentage error in the measured R_s -value of the YBCO thin film as a function of temperature. It has been found that the shielded dielectric resonator provides far better sensitivity for R.-measurement of the YBCO thin film with minimum relative percentage error (<4%) in the temperature range from 20 K to transition temperature of YBCO thin film compared to the other two techniques     

Laterally resolved microwave surface-resistance measurement ofhigh-Tc superconductor samples by cavity substitutiontechnique

Microwave surface impedance measurement of a high-temperature superconductor (HTS) is a sensitive probe to test its quality, particularly if a microwave device is to be fabricated. Most microwave characterization employs resonance techniques in which the components of the surface impedance are extracted from the measured Q value and the shift in the resonance frequency. In this paper, we present a modification of the widely used complete end-plate substitution technique to measure the surface resistance of samples having dimensions smaller than the dimension of the end plate at 20 GHz, as well as to facilitate the laterally resolved surface resistance measurement of large-area HTS samples. From the knowledge of the electromagnetic-field configuration in a TE₀₁₁-mode cylindrical cavity, the loss contribution from the HTS sample is analyzed theoretically and measured experimentally in the temperature range of 20-100 K. The design of the cavity is discussed to optimize the sensitivity of the measurement by the placement of the sample and to maximize the difference in the measured Q value