浅谈民用建筑电气工程中的节能设计

建筑的节能设计已经成为了当前建筑设计的一个潮流和趋势。本文在分析民用建筑电气工程节能设计原则的基础上，对民用建筑电气工程节能设计的方法做出了一定的研究。     

Study on a cold-cathode H- PIG-type ion source

A cold-cathode Penning Ion Gauge(PIG) type ion source as the internal ion source of an 11 MeV cyclotron is designed and tested at Institute of Fluid Physics.The design considerations and some testings are presented.Experimental results of Balmer-line-Emission show that the discharge characteristic,which is mainly determined by gas-flow rate,is not very sensitive to arc current and magnetic field in the operation ranges of the cyclotron.The arc power decreases and ascends while the gas-flow rate goes up from 0.5 SCCM to 20 SCCM.By improving the sealing design and reducing the machine tolerance of the source,the minimum power consumption reduces from 9 SCCM to 4 SCCM,thus having better energy efficiency and benefiting for the pumping system.Preliminary DC extractions show that H–microampere current ranges from several tens to hundreds under different operation conditions.Some problems during the experiments and future plan are discussed in the end.     

Effect of nitrogen–phosphorus fire retardant blended with Mg(OH)2/Al(OH)3 and nano‐SiO2 on fire‐retardant behavior and hygroscopicity of poplar

The aim of the study was to screen any possible synergistic effects related to the combination of nitrogen–phosphorus fire retardant and Mg(OH)₂/Al(OH)_3. This combination is used to improve fire performance, especially smoke suppression of poplar through ultrasonic wave impregnation after microwave treatment. In this study, nano‐SiO₂ was used to impregnate poplar treated with nitrogen–phosphorus fire retardant and form a hydrophobic layer on wood cells in order to improve hygroscopicity and reduce water uptake. Cone tests and thermal analysis showed that poplar treated with blended fire retardant had improved behavior. Results show that a 20% and 25% nitrogen–phosphorus fire‐retardant solution (blended by adding 10% Mg(OH)₂/Al(OH)₃ based on the dry weight of nitrogen–phosphorus fire retardant) was more effective for smoke suppression. The heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke production of a 25% nitrogen–phosphorus fire‐retardant solution blended by adding 10% Mg(OH)₂/Al(OH)₃ showed significant reduction. The char residual yield showed a marked increase to 35.5%. Fourier transform infrared analysis suggested a –CH₂–Si–CH₂– and Si–O–C stretching vibration in nano‐SiO₂ treated poplar, which greatly decreased the hygroscopicity of fire‐retardant‐treated poplar. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Influence of Substrate Temperature on Stress and Morphology Characteristics of Co Doped ZnO Films Prepared by Laser-Molecular Beam Epitaxy

Znl_xCoxO （x = 0.05） thin films are deposited on sapphire （0001） substrates by laser-molecular beam epitaxy technique at different substrate temperatures. The structural, stress and morphology evolution features are investigated by means of X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. The surface parameters of roughness exponent α, root mean square （RMS） roughness w and autocorrelation length ~ are calculated and the surface parameters are preliminarily analyzed. The values of ~ vary from 0.7 to 0.9. The RMS roughness w is less than 2.2 nm, and it increases with increasing Ts from 300 to 400 °C, and then decreases when Ts is 500 °C. The autocorrelation length ~ decreases monotonously with the increase in Ts from 300 to 500 °C, which indicates that the increase in Ts restrains the spread of the surface fluctuations until Ts is higher than 400 °C.     

Identification of Wiener systems based on the variable forgetting factor multierror stochastic gradient and the key term separation

The identification of Wiener systems is very difficult because of the output nonlinearity and the parameter product term. To identify the Wiener system, a novel stochastic gradient algorithm based on the multierror and the key term separation is proposed. Firstly, the Wiener system is parameterized as a pseudo-linear model to avoid the products of the parameters. Secondly, a parzen window is used to estimate the probability density function of the error. Thirdly, a stochastic information gradient algorithm with the multierror is adopted to estimate the parameters. The multierror takes the place of the scalar error by the stacked error, which accelerates the algorithm greatly. Fourthly, a variable forgetting factor considering errors is integrated to further speed the algorithm up. Finally, the proposed algorithm is validated by a numerical example and an industrial case. The estimation results indicate that the proposed algorithm can obtain accurate estimates with fast convergence speed.     

Pd Nanoparticles on SBA-15 Containing F for 2-Ethyl-Anthraquinone Hydrogenation: Effects of Hydrophobicity

Catalysis Letters - SBA-15 was modified via post-treatment with (NH4)2SiF6 and (NH4)3AlF6 solution (NSF-T and NAF-T) and applied as support of Pd catalysts for the hydrogenation of...     

基于决策树的羽流追踪机器人自主决策方法研究

针对无法获得可靠羽流流向信息不利于实现羽流追踪的问题，提出了一种基于决策树的羽流追踪移动机器人自主决策方法。该方法通过移动机器人两侧的浓度传感器采集到的浓度信息，利用追踪的行为规则建立决策树模型，获得行为决策信息，使机器人高效地追踪到羽流并精确地定位。由于浓度变化关系蕴含了羽流的流向及流速信息，从而取代了传统方法中流向及流速传感器。在扩散环境下，通过移动机器人羽流追踪实验，实现了良好的源定位效果。     

Association of size‐fractionated indoor particulate matter and black carbon with heart rate variability in healthy elderly women in Beijing

Associations between size‐fractionated indoor particulate matter (PM) and black carbon (BC) and heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate (HR) in elderly women remain unclear. Twenty‐nine healthy elderly women were measured for 24‐hour HRV/HR indices. Real‐time size‐fractionated indoor PM and BC were monitored on the same day and on the preceding day. Mixed‐effects models were applied to investigate the associations between pollutants and HRV/HR indices. Increases in size‐fractionated indoor PM were significantly associated with declines in power in the high‐frequency band (HF), power in the low‐frequency band (LF), and standard deviation of all NN intervals (SDNN). The largest decline in HF was 19% at 5‐minute moving average for an interquartile range (IQR) increase (24 μg/m³) in PM_0.5. The results showed that smaller particles could lead to greater reductions in HRV indices. The reported associations were modified by body mass index (BMI): Declines in HF at 5‐minute average for an IQR increase in PM_0.5 were 34.5% and 1.0% for overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m²) and normal‐weight (BMI <25 kg/m²) participants, respectively. Moreover, negative associations between BC and HRV indices were found to be significant in overweight participants. Increases in size‐fractionated indoor PM and BC were associated with compromised cardiac autonomic function in healthy elderly women, especially overweight ones.