Although electrocoagulation is an evolving technology that is being effectively applied today for wastewater treatment, the paucity of scientific understanding of the complex chemical and physical processes involved is limiting future design and hindering progress. The objective of this review through a survey of the literature is to bring the chemistry and physical processes involved into perspective and to focus attention on those areas critically needing research. 相似文献
Intercalation of kaolinite with dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) was carried out under hydrothermal conditions using a Parr bomb. The intercalated complex has been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis techniques. It was found that the intercalation reaction is completed in 20 min and a high yield, 90%, of kaolinite/DMSO intercalate was obtained. An expansion of the original c-axis spacing of 0.714 nm in kaolinite to 1·124 nm, as a result of incorporation of DMSO molecules into the kaolinite interlayers, has been observed by XRD studies. FT-IR analyses of the intercalated complex have established the nature of interactions between the host structures and the incoming DMSO molecules. The hydrothermal method of intercalation developed in this study can also be used for other systems. 相似文献
A group of subjects of Bangladeshi adults from both sexes were studied for internal radioactivity and effective dose by measuring the whole-body activity of naturally occurring (40)K using a whole-body counter. The mean activity concentration in the whole body and effective dose due to naturally occurring (40)K for the average male were found to be 2.0 +/- 0.4 Bq.g(-1) and 100 +/- 26 microSv.y(-1), respectively and those for the average female were 1.7 +/- 0.3 Bq.g(-1) and 100 +/- 20 microSv.y(-1), respectively. The mean activity concentration in the whole body and effective dose for both sexes were 1.9 +/- 0.4 Bq.g(-1) and 100 +/- 25 microSv.y(-1), respectively. The effective dose from (40)K for subjects is below the value reported by the UNSCEAR. 相似文献
In computer vision, scene text component recognition is an important problem in end-to-end scene text reading systems. It involves two major sub-problems - segmentation of such components into scene characters and classification of segmented characters into known character classes. Significant attention and increasingly focused research efforts are being put forth and reasonable progress in this field has already been made, though a diversity of challenges like background complexity, variety of text appearances, noise, blur, distortion and various other degradation and deformation issues are still left to address. In this paper, we present (i) a detail survey of scene component segmentation and/or recognition methods reported so far in literature, (ii) related datasets available for quantitative evaluation and benchmarking segmentation and/or recognition performance, (iii) comparative results and analysis over the reported methods, and (iv) discussion on open areas to be looked into in order to achieve the desired goal of end-to-end scene text recognition. Moreover, this paper provides an acceptable reference for researcher in the area of scene text components segmentation and recognition.
Co doped ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD analysis revealed the formation of single phase structure of all samples which was further supported by FTIR data. With the increase in Co concentration from 0% to 5%, crystallite size was observed to vary from 27.1 to 21.3 nm. It suggests the prevention of crystal growth as a result of Co doping in ZnO. It was also evident from the absorption spectra that the absorbance tends to increase with the increase in dopant concentration. Optical band gap was found to increase slightly with the increase in Co content, confirming the size reduction as a result of Co doping. 相似文献