丙烯酸和苯乙烯改性PP/PS结晶与熔融行为

制备了苯乙烯（St）、St与丙烯酸（AA）混合物、丙烯酸接枝聚丙烯（PP-g-AA）改性聚丙烯／聚苯乙烯（PP／PS）共混物以及AA，St改性PP（原位形成PP／PS共混物）。用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）研究了3种改性方法对共混物中PP结晶与熔融行为的影响。结果表明，PS对PP的结晶与熔融温度影响不大，PP-g-AA则提高共混物中PP的结晶温度。St以及St与AA混合单体对PP／PS中PP结晶温度影响不大，但AA改性提高PP／PS中PP结晶温度。St加入PP导致PP结晶温度下降，St与AA混合单体原位聚合则提高PP的结晶温度。改性对共混物中PP的熔融温度影响不大，但是熔融峰形与结晶温度高低有关。红外光谱证实St与AA混合单体改性PP中有PP-g-AA形成，但改性共混物中没有PP-g-AA形成。     

Interfacial interaction in AI(OH)3/polypropylene composites modified by insitu‐functionalized polypropylene

To investigate the interfacial interaction of AI(OH)₃/polypropylene (PP) composites modified by in situ‐functionalized polypropylene (FPP), AI(OH)₃/polypropylene (PP) composites containing a low AI(OH)₃ content, modified by in situ‐grafted acrylic acid, were prepared by a one‐step melt‐extrusion process. The effect of in situ FPP on the crystallization and melting behavior, crystalline morphology of the composites, and interfacial interaction between the filler and PP was investigated. The crystallization and melting behavior and crystalline morphology of PP in the composites depended upon the interfacial physical [heterogeneous nucleation of AI(OH)₃; cocrystallization and compabilitization of PP with in situ FPP] and the interfacial chemical interaction between both the components in the composites. FTIR results indicated that there exists a chemical reaction between AI(OH)₃ and in situ FPP. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 110–120, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10270     

Tensile deformation mechanisms of polypropylene/elastomer blends reinforced with short glass fiber

Polypropylene hybrid composites reinforced with short glass fiber (SGF) and toughened with styrene–ethylene butylenes–styrene (SEBS) elastomer were prepared using extrusion and injection‐molding techniques. Moreover, hybrids compatibilized with SEBS‐grafted maleic anhydride (SEBS‐g‐MA) and hybrid compatibilized with PP grafted with maleic anhydride (PP‐g‐MA) were also fabricated. The matrix of the latter hybrid was designated as mPP and consisted of 95% PP and 5% PP‐g‐MA. Tensile dilatometry was carried out to characterize the fracture mechanisms of hybrid composites. Dilatometric responses showed that the elastic deformation was the dominant deformation mechanism for the SGF/SEBS/PP and SGF/SEBS‐g‐MA/PP hybrids. However, cavitation deformation prevailed over shearing deformation for both hybrids at the higher strain regime. The cavitation strain resulted from the debonding of glass fibers and from the crazing of the matrix in the SGF/SEBS/PP hybrid. In contrast, the cavitation was caused by the debonding of SEBS particles from the matrix of the SGF/SEBS‐g‐MA/PP hybrid. The use of PP‐g‐MA resulting in elastic deformation was the main mode of deformation in the low‐strain region for the SGF/SEBS/mPP and SEBS/SEBS‐g‐MA/mPP hybrids; thereafter, shearing appeared to dominate at the higher strain regime. This was attributed to the MA functional group improving the bonding between the SGF and PP. The correlation between fracture morphology and dilatometric responses also is presented in the article. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 441–451, 2003     

由铁醇盐配合物制备纳米Fe_2O_3

50℃时,在无隔膜电解槽中采用电化学溶解铁金属8 h,制备了铁配合物Fe(OEt)2(acac)[acac-为乙酰丙酮基],通过红外光谱、拉曼光谱和核磁共振对配合物进行了表征.采用含Fe(OEt)2(acac)的电解液直接水解、干燥制备干凝胶,然后在450℃煅烧2 h,得到纳米Fe2O3粉体.通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线粉末衍射(XRD)对纳米Fe2O3进行表征.实验表明:前驱体中含有acac基团,可以很好地阻止水解与煅烧过程中发生团聚;所得干凝胶粒径在10 nm左右,纯度较高的纳米Fe2O3粉体粒径在20~30 nm.     

阻燃性有机硅高分子材料的研究进展

综述了国内外在阻燃性有机硅高分子材料的制备、性能及应用等方面的研究进展，介绍了有机硅高分子材料的燃烧历程、常用阻燃剂及其阻燃机理，并对阻燃性有机硅高分子材料的研究发展前景进行了展望。     

Fatty acid content and composition of freshwater finfish

The fatty acid content and composition of 18 species of freshwater fish filets were determined. The fat content and composition varied with anatomical location. The anterior ventral regions of trout and salmon contained more lipids than the posterior dorsal sections. Marked variations in fatty acid composition between species were observed. Palmitic (C16:0), palmitoleic (C16:1), oleic (C18:l), eicosapentaenoic (C20:5 ω3), and docosahexaenoic (C22:6 ω3) were the most abundant fatty acids. The fatty acids were tabulated according to the number and positions of the double bonds. Significant quantities of ω6 C18:2 and C20:4 fatty acids were found in several species.     

Mechanical properties of Mg(OH)2/polypropylene composites modified by functionalized polypropylene

Modified Mg(OH)₂/polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared by the addition of functionalized polypropylene (FPP); and acrylic acid (AA) and by the formation of in situ FPP. The effects of the addition of FPP and AA and the formation of in situ FPP on the mechanical properties of Mg(OH)₂/PP composites were investigated. Experimental results indicated that the addition of Mg(OH)₂ markedly reduced the mechanical properties of PP. The extent of reduction in notch impact strength of PP was higher than that in flexural strength and tensile strength. However, tensile modulus and flexural modulus increased with increased Mg(OH)₂ content. The addition of FPP facilitated the improvement in the flexural strength and tensile strength of Mg(OH)₂/PP composites. The higher the Mg(OH)₂ content was, the more significant the effect of FPP was. The incorporation of AA resulted in further increased mechanical properties, in particular the flexural strength, tensile strength, and notch impact strength of Mg(OH)₂/PP composites containing high levels of Mg(OH)₂. It not only improved mechanical properties but also increased the flame retardance of Mg(OH)₂/PP composites. Although the mechanical properties of composites modified by the formation of in situ FPP were lower than those of composites modified by only the addition of AA in the absence of diamylperoxide, the mechanical properties did not decline with increased Mg(OH)₂ content. Moreover, the mechanical properties increased with increasing AA content. The addition of an oxidation resistant did not influence the mechanical properties of the modified Mg(OH)₂/PP composites. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 2139–2147, 2003     

混凝土板与水泥土搅拌桩的抗滑试验研究

为了测定水闸混凝土底板与水泥土搅拌桩体之间的抗剪强度,设计了现场大型原位直接剪切试验方法,用以模拟工程实际。通过对4个加固处理后的水泥土搅拌桩体施加不同的垂直应力,变形达到相对稳定后进行水平剪切试验。针对不同垂直应力下的抗剪强度结果,采用最小二乘法,求解得到抗剪强度参数凝聚力为21.2 kPa,内摩擦角为26.7°。现场试验结果表明,在设计荷载作用下的综合摩擦系数达到设计要求,水泥土搅拌桩具有较好的抵抗闸室底板滑动破坏的特性。     

一种IDT/(002)ZnO/SiO2/Si多层结构的声表面波器件

以IDT/(002)ZnO/SiO2/Si多层结构的声表面波器件为研究对象,通过有限元软件对单对叉指的三维结构进行有限元仿真,得到了不同的ZnO膜厚对SAW器件所激发瑞利波的相速度、机电耦合系数的影响规律,以及SiO2膜厚与SAW器件频率温度系数之间的关系.采用热氧化、射频磁控溅射以及光刻工艺在Si衬底上分别制备SiO2膜、ZnO膜和IDT,制备了三组不同ZnO膜厚的延迟线型SAW器件.通过X射线衍射仪对制备的ZnO薄膜进行检测,结果表明ZnO薄膜具有良好的(002)晶体取向以及良好的结晶质量.采用矢量网络分析仪对所制作SAW器件进行了测试,得到了器件的传输曲线,实验结果与有限元仿真结果具有较好的一致性.     

基于分层四叉树的多分辨率数字岩心的表示与生成

传统的数字岩心建模方法建立的数字岩心模型尺寸单一,分辨率固定,导致存储空间过大,难以维护等问题.因此,提出了一种分层四叉树模型,给出了模型的构建及扩展方法,基于此模型,建立多分辨率数字岩心体素模型,同时在分层四叉树模型基础上,结合Marching Cubes移动立方体算法生成数字岩心面模型.通过实例检验证明,该方法建立的数字岩心模型极大地节省了存储空间,耗时较少,同时具有易于维护管理等优点.