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991.
As a major pollutant source to urban receiving waters, the non-point source pollution from urban runoff needs to be well studied and effectively controlled. Based on monitoring data from urban runoff pollutant sources, this article describes a systematic estimation of total pollutant loads from the urban areas of Beijing. A numerical model was developed to quantify main pollutant loads of urban runoff in Beijing. A sub-procedure is involved in this method, in which the flush process influences both the quantity and quality of stormwater runoff. A statistics-based method was applied in computing the annual pollutant load as an output of the runoff. The proportions of pollutant from point-source and non-point sources were compared. This provides a scientific basis for proper environmental input assessment of urban stormwater pollution to receiving waters, improvement of infrastructure performance, implementation of urban stormwater management, and utilization of stormwater. 相似文献
992.
993.
Ming-Da Tsai Chin-Shen Lin Chun-Hsien Lien Huei Wang 《Microwave Theory and Techniques》2005,53(2):496-505
Using the concept of loss compensation, novel broad-band monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs), including an amplifier and an analog multiplier/mixer, with LC ladder matching networks in a commercial 0.35-mum SiGe BiCMOS technology are demonstrated for the first time. An HBT two-stage cascade single-stage distributed amplifier (2-CSSDA) using the modified loss-compensation technique is presented. It demonstrates a small-signal gain of better than 15 dB from dc to 28 GHz (gain-bandwidth product=157 GHz) with a low power consumption of 48 mW and a miniature chip size of 0.63 mm2 including testing pads. The gain-bandwidth product of the modified loss-compensated CSSDA is improved approximately 68% compared with the conventional attenuation-compensation technique. The wide-band amplifier achieves a high gain-bandwidth product with the lowest power consumption and smallest chip size. The broad-band mixer designed using a Gilbert cell with the modified loss-compensation technique achieves a measured power conversion gain of 19 dB with a 3-dB bandwidth from 0.1 to 23 GHz, which is the highest gain-bandwidth product of operation among previously reported MMIC mixers. As an analog multiplier, the measured sensitivity is better than 3000 V/W from 0.1 to 25 GHz, and the measured low-frequency noise floor and corner frequency can be estimated to be 20 nV/sqrt(Hz) and 1.2 kHz, respectively. The mixer performance represents state-of-the-art result of the MMIC broad-band mixers using commercial silicon-based technologies 相似文献
994.
Charge in metal-organic chemical vapor deposition-grown HfO/sub 2/ gate stacks has been systematically studied using nMOS capacitors. It is found that, for these films, the charge in the stack is mainly concentrated at the interfaces between the layers and is negative at the HfO/sub 2//interfacial layer (IL) interface and positive at the Si/IL interface. In general, the calculated charge densities at both interfaces are of order 10/sup 12/ cm/sup -2/. A forming gas anneal (FGA) reduces both interface charge greatly. The FGA can also significantly reduce the hysteresis and interface state density. The effects of post deposition anneal at various temperatures and under various ambients have also been studied. It is found that a high-temperature dilute oxidizing ambient anneal followed by an FGA reduces the charge at both interfaces. 相似文献
995.
Lifang Li Jindal N. Goldsmith A. 《IEEE transactions on information theory / Professional Technical Group on Information Theory》2005,51(4):1326-1347
We derive the outage capacity region of an M-user fading multiple-access channel (MAC) under the assumption that both the transmitters and the receiver have perfect channel side information (CSI). The outage capacity region is implicitly obtained by deriving the outage probability region for a given rate vector. Given a required rate and average power constraint for each user, we find a successive decoding strategy and a power allocation policy that achieves points on the boundary of the outage probability region. We discuss the scenario where an outage must be declared simultaneously for all users (common outage) and when outages can be declared individually (individual outage) for each user. 相似文献
996.
Yanping Li Jinzhong Yu Shaowu Chen 《Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE》2005,17(8):1641-1643
A rearrangeable nonblocking 4/spl times/4 thermooptic silicon-on-insulator waveguide switch matrix at 1.55-/spl mu/m integrated spot size converters is designed and fabricated for the first time. The insertion losses and polarization-dependent losses of the four channels are less than 10 and 0.8 dB, respectively. The extinction ratios are larger than 20 dB. The response times are 4.6 /spl mu/s for rising edge and 1.9 /spl mu/s for falling edge. 相似文献
997.
Aimin Xiang Zhongjie Du Qinghua Zeng Chen Zhang Hangquan Li 《Polymer International》2005,54(10):1366-1370
This paper presents recent efforts on the preparation of flexible polyhedral particles via concentrated emulsion templating polymerization in which the hydrophilic monomer (acrylamide) and hydrophobic monomer (butyl acrylate) are polymerized simultaneously in the continuous and dispersed phase, respectively. Such templating polymerization has been enhanced in our systems owing to the introduction of acrylamide monomer and their higher polymerization rate in continuous phase as compared with butyl acrylate in dispersed phase. Diffusion between the different phases was also inhibited. Furthermore, the stability of the concentrated emulsion and the molecular weight of the produced poly(butyl acrylate) were found to be significantly affected by the amount of redox initiator. The morphology of the particles could be controlled by varying the volume fraction of the dispersed phase and the polyhedral particles were achieved at higher volume fraction. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
998.
应用遗传神经网络研究低渗透储层成岩储集相—以胜利渤南油田三区沙河街组为例 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
以渤南油田三区沙河街组为例,应用遗传人工神经网络模式识别方法,开展了低渗透储层成岩储集相的研究。该工作是在储集层沉积相、成岩作用研究的基础上,选用流动层带指标、孔隙度、渗透率、粒度中值、泥质含量、孔喉半径均值和变异系数等7项参数,采用神经网络模式识别方法,通过建立遗传神经网络的学习及预测模型,对渤南油田三区沙河街组进行了成岩储集相识别,识别出4类成岩储集相:不稳定组分强溶解次生孔隙成岩储集相、碳酸盐胶结物溶解次生孔隙成岩储集相、强压实强胶结残余粒间孔成岩储集相和极强压实强胶结致密成岩储集相。Ⅰ类储集相的储集性能最好,Ⅳ类最差,为非储层或差储层。 相似文献
999.
3D characterization and analysis of particle shape using X-ray microtomography (XMT) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
C.L. Lin 《Powder Technology》2005,154(1):61-69
1000.
Nie Xin-min Gui Rong Zhao Hong-shan Ma Da-long Li Deng-qing Yuan Hong Huang Zu-fa 《中南工业大学学报(英文版)》2005,12(1):310-312
Objective Tacrolimus is an immunosuppressive drug with narrow therapeutic range and wide interindividual variation in its pharmacokinetics.
Tacrolimus is a substrate of cytochrome P450(CYP)3A5. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the A6986G polymorphism
is associated with tacrolimus concentration /dose ratio. Methods Fifty-two Chinese renal transplant patients were enrolled in this study. Their body weight, dosage and concentration of tacrolimus
were observed. CYP3A5 genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism
analysis. Results A significant association was found between tacrolimus levels per dose/kg/d and CYP3A5 gene A6986G polymorphism (P<0.001). The CYP3A5 * 3 * 3 patients have a significantly higher tacrolimus level/dose than CYP3A5 * 1 * 1 and CYP3A5 * 1
* 3. Conclusions CYP3A5 gene A6986G polymorphism is associated with tacrolimus pharmacokinetics and dose requirements. Pharmacogenetic methods
could be employed prospectively to help the dose selection and to individualize immunosuppressive therapy according to the
result.
Foundation item: Project (03GZ3072) supported by the Science and Technology Department of Hunan Province; project (2004035206) supported by
the China Postdoctoral Foundation and project (30300383) supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China 相似文献