CT胸片中肺部病灶区的自适应检测与定位

CT数字胸片中病灶区的细节往往难以清晰显现,加上血管、心包及脊椎骨等干扰,对病灶区的准确检测、定位、病理识别会造成很大影响。与以往根据经验设定阈值的方法不同,采用一种CT数字胸片中肺部病灶区的自适应检测定位方法,能够对各种病情的病灶区检测定位更简洁、快速、准确,经过大量实验结果显示该方法是有效的。另外,在图像处理过程中,通过灰度变换、增强等处理操作,能够使病灶区更加清晰的呈现,为医生的精确诊断提供更好的条件。     

针杆不同倾斜状态下狭缝型气浮轴承静特性分析

缝纫机针杆在实际运动过程中在复杂力作用下会发生倾斜,为研究针杆倾斜状态对轴承气浮特性及气体对针杆的影响规律,通过建立针杆倾斜下的物理模型,分别拟合上下轴套气膜高度曲面,基于Mat Lab利用有限差分法计算气膜压力分布,分析气浮轴承的静特性。结果表明:针杆倾斜角度越大,承载力越大,气体对针杆产生的反力矩也越大;上下轴套气膜差异明显,上轴套气体刚度大,若针杆高速运动将会产生动压效应。     

Self‐Stacked Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Coated with Cobalt–Nickel Hydroxide by One‐Step Electrochemical Deposition toward Flexible Electrochromic Supercapacitors

The implementation of an optical function into supercapacitors is an innovative approach to make energy storage devices smarter and to meet the requirements of smart electronics. Here, it is reported for the first time that nickel–cobalt hydroxide on reduced graphene oxide can be utilized for flexible electrochromic supercapacitors. A new and straightforward one‐step electrochemical deposition process is introduced that is capable of simultaneously reducing GO and depositing amorphous Co_(1−x)Ni _x (OH)₂ on the rGO. It is shown that the rGO nanosheets are homogeneously coated with metal hydroxide and are vertically stacked. No high temperature processes are used so that flexible polymer‐based substrates can be coated. The synthesized self‐stacked rGO–Co_(1−x)Ni _x (OH)₂ nanosheet material exhibits pseudocapacitive charge storage behavior with excellent rate capability, high Columbic efficiency, and nondiffusion limited behavior. It is shown that the electrochemical behavior of the Ni(OH)₂ can be modulated, by simultaneously depositing nickel and cobalt hydroxide, into broad oxidization and reduction bands. Further, the material exhibits electrochromic property and can switch between a bleached and transparent state. Literature comparison reveals that the performance characteristics of the rGO–Co_(1−x)Ni _x (OH)₂ nanosheet material, in terms of gravimetric capacitance, areal capacitance, and long‐term cycling stability, are among the highest reported values of supercapacitors with electrochromic property.     

大豆膨化浸出应用的研究

大豆膨化浸出在油料加工中具明显的优越性 ,与生坯直接浸出相比生产能力提高 4 0 % ,动力消耗降低 30 % ,蒸汽消耗减少 15 % ,毛油精炼率提高 0 5 % ,成品粕的尿素酶稳定 ,油品和成品粕的质量提高 ,市场销售看好。     

Enhancement of Crystallization Processes by Power Ultrasound: Current State‐of‐the‐Art and Research Advances

Power ultrasound‐assisted crystallization, which is also called sonocrystallization, is a novel and effective method for enhancing crystallization processes compared to conventional processes. In both supercooled and supersaturated crystallization, power ultrasound can accelerate the nucleation rate and better control the formation and growth of crystals. Due to its high efficiency, power ultrasound has been applied in many fields. In this review, studies published in recent years on effects of power ultrasound in both supercooled and supersaturated crystallization processes are discussed, with focus on the widely accepted crystallization mechanism and modeling. The applications of power ultrasound in liquid ice crystallization, ice cream manufacture, fruit and vegetable preservation and sugar and food supersaturated crystallization are summarized, and challenges and trends for further development of the technology are presented.     

三种动物油脂对大鼠急性胃粘膜损伤的影响

目的:研究三种动物油脂对乙醇致大鼠胃粘膜损伤的影响。方法:分别以低（500 mg/kg）、高剂量（850 mg/kg）的鹿油、牛油、猪油对大鼠连续灌胃30 d后,除正常组外,其余各组大鼠灌胃给予无水乙醇1.0 mL/只,1 h后麻醉,心脏取血,取胃组织并称重,对大鼠胃粘膜进行形态学观察、组织病理学检查以及急性损伤指标的测定,并检测各组大鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）及丙二醛（MDA）含量,利用ELISA法测定血清中肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、白介素-6（IL-6）的含量变化,并用RT-PCR技术检测促红细胞生成素（EPO）和促红细胞生成素受体（EPOR）的mRNA表达水平。结果:与模型组相比,各给药组大鼠在各时期体重均无明显变化,鹿油预处理组大鼠胃重量/体质量极显著降低(P<0.001),胃粘膜表面较少出血带且出血带较细,细胞排列紧密有序,炎性浸润减少,胃粘膜充血面积、损伤积分指数均极显著降低(P<0.001),能极显著提高GSH-Px活力、SOD活性(P<0.01)并显著降低MDA水平(P<0.05),进而提高机体抗氧化能力来保护胃黏膜,鹿油高度显著降低血清中炎症因子TNF-α和IL-6水平,能够调控乙醇对胃粘膜造成损伤所产生的炎症因子,使EPO和EPOR的mRNA表达降低;牛油预处理组大鼠胃粘膜表面多条细长出血带,颜色略深,细胞排列较为有序,胃粘膜充血面积、损伤积分指数降低,可极显著提高SOD活力(P<0.001)、明显降低MDA水平来提升抗氧化能力保护胃黏膜;猪油预处理组大鼠胃粘膜表面有多条较宽出血带,颜色较深,对急性胃粘膜损伤无明显影响。结论:三种动物油脂对急性胃粘膜损伤的保护作用依次是:鹿油>牛油>猪油,鹿油对大鼠急性胃粘膜损伤具有明显保护作用,牛油保护作用较弱,猪油则无明显保护作用。