Rekristallisation von Eisen mit 6% Ni

Rekristallisation einer Eisenlegierung mit rd. 6% Ni bei Temperaturen zwischen 450 und 700°C nach Umwandlung in der Martensitstufe sowie Umwandlung in der Martensitstufe und 90% Kaltverformung. Verfolgung der Rekristallisation mit dem Mikroskop an korngremen- oder kornflächengeätzten Proben. Deutung der Temperaturabhängigkeit der Rekristallisation kaltverformter und nicht kaltverformter Proben.     

Degradation of linear alkylate sulfonates in sewage

Residual linear alkylate sulfonates isolated from sewage effluents during a field test of biologically soft detergents reveal chain-length and phenyl isomer distributions similar to those in the influent stream. The data suggest no preferential degradation of linear alkylate sulfonate isomers under the field test conditions. The effluent is, however, characterized by apparent changes in branching content.     

A methodology for conducting municipal computerization studies

As urban problems become more complex and as accountability and cost minimization become more of a requirement than simply a suggestion computerization is being relied upon to handle the large amounts of data upon which public administrators base decisions. Interdisciplinary teams of faculty and staff from Texas A&M University, in the areas of urban planning, computing science, industrial engineering and accounting, have been involved in studies dealing with several aspects of computerization within municipal organizations. Experience shows that the participation and support of public administrators is vital to the success of the implementation management of computerized systems.This paper develops a staged methodology useful in conducting municipal computerization studies. Investigation of the benefits and disadvantages of computerizing existing manual systems or of a major upgrade of a present computer system is performed via a four staged process. The process highlights the role of the municipal administrator, study team, potential users of the system, and the citizens.When the administrator, the study team members and the future users have a clear understanding of the goals of the system and their goals, the study has a very high chance of being successful. The Texas A&M teams use the methodology discussed here to make a concentrated effort to ensure that all parties have a part in formulating their goals and to understand their role in the design and implementation of the system.     

1.8 Gbit/s 65 km optical transmission experiment using a 1.478 ?m DFB laser and Ge APD receiver

A 1.8 Gbit/s optical transmission system trial has been conducted over 65 km of conventional monomode fibre using a 1.478 ?m DFB laser and p+n Ge APD receiver. Using a 215 ?1, NRZ, PRB test sequence, a long-term BER of 2×10?10 was achieved. Dispersive effects introduced a 1 dB penalty after 65 km transmission.     

Some effects of testing methodology on children's cross-modal performance.

Tested 40 41-57 mo old children on the number of trials they took to learn the identical form-discrimination problem given in either visual or tactual modalities in either "held" (E gave S the reward) or "platform" (S himself picked up the reward) conditions. It appears that when testing methodology is equated in the 2 modalities, cross-modal transfer of a simple form discrimination is not asymmetrical, but rather is equivalent to the transfer from the tactual to the visual modality. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Multiple congenital defects associated with trisomy for long arm of No. 4

The most prevalent microorganisms isolated from urine specimens of dogs (385) and cats (132) with clinical signs of urinary tract infections were Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., and Staphylococcus aureus. The results of quantitative urine-culturing methods showed 48.6% of the canine and 12.1% of the feline specimens had more than 10(5) organisms per ml of urine. The bacteria isolated appear to have a greater resistance to antibacterial agents than previously reported.     

Kinetics of interaction of HIV fusion protein (gp41) with lipid membranes studied by real-time AFM imaging

One of the most important steps in the process of viral infection is a fusion between cell membrane and virus, which is mediated by the viral envelope glycoprotein. The study of activity of the glycoprotein in the post-fusion state is important for understanding the progression of infection. Here we present a first real-time kinetic study of the activity of gp41 (the viral envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus—HIV) and its two mutants in the post-fusion state with nanometer resolution by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Tracking the changes in the phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylcholine–phosphatidylserine (PC:PS) membrane integrity over one hour by a set of AFM images revealed differences in the interaction of the three types of protein with zwitterionic and negatively charged membranes. A quantitative analysis of the slow kinetics of hole formation in the negatively charged lipid bilayer is presented. Specifically, analysis of the rate of roughness change for the three types of proteins suggests that they exhibit different types of kinetic behavior.     

Flow of the current along metallic shunts in ohmic contacts to wide-gap III–V semiconductors

It is established experimentally that the contact metal—wide-gap semiconductor (GaAs, GaP, GaN) with the Schottky barrier transforms into the ohmic contact either in the process of continuous heating or in the process of holding at an elevated temperature before the formation of any recrystallized layers. In this case, resistance of the contact reduced to the unit area increases as the temperature increases for semiconductors with a high dislocation density (GaP, GaN). It is assumed that in such contacts, the current flows along the metallic shunts, which shorten the layer of space charge and are formed by metal atoms diffused along the dislocation lines or other imperfections of the semiconductor. In semiconductors with a low dislocation density (GaAs), resistance of the ohmic contact per unit area decreases with increasing the temperature as it was expected for the thermionic mechanism of current flowing.     

Phytosterol effects on milk and yogurt microflora

ABSTRACT:  Phytosterols play a major role in functional foods. Their ability to reduce serum cholesterol in humans has been widely proven and they are now being added to various dairy based products. The present study investigated the potential antimicrobial activity of phytosterols in milk and their effect on yogurt starter cultures. A commercial phytosterol (0.26% to 1.8%, w/v) preparation (CPP) consisting of ß-sitosterol, campesterol, sitostanol, and campestanol had no effect on the standard plate count (SPC) and psychrotroph population in pasteurized milk stored at 4 °C. In addition, a challenge study employing Pseudomonas spp. in milk at 4 to 7 °C confirmed that the CPP was not antimicrobial. However, the addition of a dispersible CPP consisting of 0.72% phytosterol containing 0.02% to 0.03% sodium stearoyl lactylate (SSL) did appear to affect the SPC and psychrotrophic bacteria in refrigerated milk. The dispersible preparations did not, however, inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas . An investigation into the antimicrobial activity of SSL revealed that it alone had no effect on the SPC in milk. The CPP had no effect on growth and acid development by Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus during yogurt production at 33 °C and storage at 4 °C for 30 d. This is seen as a beneficial feature since growth and acid development by these organisms are crucial for yogurt quality. Saccaromyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus ochraceous added to yogurt as typical contaminants also were not inhibited. While the CCP was somewhat antimicrobial when formulated with dispersing agents, it otherwise had no antimicrobial activity.