Strain rate dependency and fragmentation pattern of expanding warheads

For the characterization of the behaviors of a metal material in events like expanding warheads, it is necessary to know its strength and ductility at high strain rates, around 104e105/s. The flyer plate impact testing produces the uniform stress and strain rates but the testing is expensive. The Taylor test is relatively inexpensive but produces non-uniform stress and strain fields, and the results are not so easily inferred for material modeling. In the split-Hopkinson bar(SHB), which may be used in compression, tension and torsion testing, the strain rates never exceeds 103/s. In the present work, we use the expanding ring test where the strain rate is 104e105/s. A streak camera is used to examine the expanding ring velocity, and a water tank is used to collect the fragments. The experimental results are compared with the numerical simulations using the hydrocodes AUTODYN, IMPETUS Afea and a regularized smooth particle(RSPH) software. The number of fragments increases with the increase in the expansion velocity of the rings. The number of fragments is similar to the experimental results. The RSPH software shows much the same results as the AUTODYN where the Lagrangian solver is used for the ring. The IMPETUS Afea solver shows a somewhat different fragmentation characteristic due to the node splitting algorithm that induces pronounced tensile splitting.     

Applying reticular synthesis to the design of Cu-based MOFs with mechanically interlocked linkers

The concept of“robust dynamics”describes the incorporation of mechanically interlocked molecules(MIMs)into metal-organic framework(MOF)materials such that large amplitude motions(e.g.,rotation or translation of a macrocycle)can occur inside the free volume pore of the MOF.To aid in the preparation of such materials,reticular synthesis was used herein to design rigid molecular building blocks with predetermined ordered structures starting from the well-known MOF NOTT-101.New linkers were synthesized that have a T-shape,based on a triphenylene tetra-carboxylate strut,and their incorporation into Cu(II)-based MOFs was investigated.The single-crystal structures of three new MOFs,UWCM-12(fof),β-UWCM-13(loz),UWCM-14(lil),with naked T-shaped linkers were determined;β-UWCM-13 is the first reported example of the loz topology.A fourth MOF,UWDM-14(lil)is analogous to UWCM-14(lil)but contains a[2]rotaxane linker.Variable-temperature,²H solid-state NMR was used to probe the dynamics of a 24-membered macrocycle threaded onto the MOF skeleton.     

复杂采空区充填开采对地面建筑的影响研究

矿山地下开采引起的围岩应力变化及地表变形影响着地面建筑物的安全。采用ABAQUS有限元软件对金属矿山充填开采引起的岩体变形及地表移动规律进行了研究。以矿山实际开采现状及实测数据为基础，建立了具有复杂空间结构的三维地层模型，利用子程序SIGINI编程施加地应力，采用修正Mohr-Coulomb模型模拟岩体，计算得出：由于围岩力学强度较高，开采引起顶板下沉量相对较小，充填对于控制底鼓具有一定抑制作用；预留矿柱主要承受较大竖向压应力，矿柱尺寸越小压缩量越大；地表充填站位于采空区边缘位置，水平及竖向位移相对较小，地表变形主要集中在采空区中部位置。研究成果可为矿山安全开采提供依据，为地面监测点的选择提供参考。     

何以解忧,唯有创新——2014年发酵工程研究会常务理事扩大会上的报告

1 行业现状及存在问题 近两三年味精和氨基酸发酵行业的状况不尽人意,可以说低迷不振.表现在销售市场不景气,产品价位偏低,企业经济效益下滑,有些企业处于停产或半停产状态.对此行业同仁颇感忧虑.但是我们还应看到这期间各有关企业、科研单位、高等院校和设计单位团结合作、勇对困境,克服种种不利因素,在生产能力、技术水平、新产品开发、节能减排、环境保护、生产安全、食品卫生等方面做了大量工作,并做出了很大成绩.     

基于个体协同触发强化学习的多机器人行为决策方法* .txt

摘要：为了提高多机器人行为最优决策控制中强化学习的效率和收敛速度，研究了多机器人的分布式马尔科夫建模与控制策略。根据机器人有限感知能力设计了个体 协同感知触发函数，机器人个体从环境观测结果计算个体 协同触发响应概率，定义一次触发过程后开始计算联合策略，减少机器人间通讯量和计算资源。引入双学习率改进Q学习算法，并将该算法应用于机器人行为决策。仿真实验结果表明，当机器人群组数量在20左右时，本文算法的协同效率较高，单位时步比为1085 0。同时距离调节参数η对机器人协同搜索效率有影响，当η=0008时，所需的移动时步比和平均移动距离都能达到最小值。通过双学习率的引入，该算法较基于环境模型的强化学习算法具有更高的学习效率和适用性，平均性能提升35%，对于提高多机器人自主协同能力具有较高的理论意义及应用价值。 .txt     

量子化学在农药环境风险评价中的应用

正1.引言世界日益增长的人口使粮食需求增加,加之农业集约化生产导致农药的广泛使用,目的是使作物产量最大化。历史表明,农药管理不善可能会对人类和动物的健康以及环境造成严重的危害。监管机构要求合理使用杀虫剂,减少食品和环境中的农药残留,并提供关于农药及其残留物风险的更多信息。从这个意义上讲,国家和国际机构以及环保机构都对保护公众健康和环境进行了严格的监管。     

Erratum to: Suspended superconducting weak links from aerosol-synthesized single-walled carbon nanotubes

Erratum to Nano Research 2020,13(12):3433-3438 https://doi.org/101007/s12274-020-3032-1 The article“Suspended superconducting weak links from aerosol-synthesized single-walled carbon nanotubes"written by Jukka-Pekka Kaikkonen1(■),Abhilash Thanniyil Sebastian3,Patrik Laiho3,Nan Wei3,Marco Will-2,Yongping Liao3,Esko I.Kauppinen3,and Pertti J.Hakonen1,2(■),was originally published Online First without Open Access.     

冷金属过渡加脉冲电弧增材制造4043铝合金薄壁件的组织与拉伸性能

采用冷金属过渡加脉冲(CMT+P)电弧增材制造4043铝合金薄壁件,对比了不同工艺参数下薄壁件的成形性能,研究了成形性能良好薄壁件的组织与拉伸性能,并与CMT工艺下的进行了对比。结果表明:CMT+P工艺下,当焊接速度为8 mm·s-1和送丝速度4 m·min-1时,薄壁件的成形性能最好,且其成形效果接近CMT工艺下的; CMT+P工艺下薄壁件的单层组织由焊道上层的细晶区和焊道下层的粗晶区组成,焊道间存在穿过界面生长的粗大柱状枝晶,CMT工艺下的显微组织为分布均匀的细小柱状晶; CMT+P工艺下薄壁件的拉伸性能优于CMT工艺下的; CMT+P工艺下横向和纵向拉伸试样断裂方式均为韧性断裂,横向与纵向抗拉强度各向异性百分比仅为4%,说明薄壁件的力学性能不存在各向异性。     

Critical parameters near the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic phase transition in La0.67–xYxBa0.23Ca0.1MnO3 compounds（x=0.10 and x=0.15）

The critical properties of the mixed manganite La0.67–x Y x Ba0.23Ca0.1Mn O3 with x=0.10 and x=0.15 around the paramagnetic(PM)-ferromagnetic(FM) phase transition were investigated through various techniques. These involved modified Arrott plots, Kouvel-Fisher method and Widom scaling relation. Magnetic data, analyzed in the critical region, using the above methods, yielded the critical exponents for(x=0.10) La0.57Y0.10Ba0.23Ca0.1Mn O3(β=0.312±0.002 and γ=1.147±0.003 at T C=299.23±0.05 K). Moreover, the estimated critical exponents of(x=0.15) La0.52Y0.15Ba0.23Ca0.1Mn O3 were β=0.286±0.004 and γ=0.943±0.002 at T C=289.53±0.06 K. The critical exponents’ values were close to the theoretical values of 3D-Ising model and tricritical mean-field model. These results suggested that the present composition should be close to a tricritical point in the La0.67–x Y x Ba0.23Ca0.1Mn O3 phase diagram. Expressing the field dependence as ΔS M∝H n allowed us to establish a relationship between the exponent n and the critical exponents of the material and to propose a phenomenological universal curve for the field dependence of ΔS M.     

低温氮、磁化综合处理钻头使用性能提高的X射线和电子显微技术分析研究

在地质钻探和石油钻井中,钻头都是非常重要的钻进工具。其技术特性,特别是硬度和耐磨性与钻探的技术经济指标,即与机械钻速、钻头进尺和每米钻探成本直接相关。为了提高钻头的工作性能,俄罗斯南方国立技术大学提出了综合低温淬火、磁化回火处理钻头的方法。经过综合处理后,钻头体、复合片底座和钎焊层的硬度分别提高了30%、3%和22%。野外钻进试验结果表明,经过低温液态氮和磁化综合处理的与未经综合处理的钻头相比,每次试验钻头进尺都有提高,总体上钻头进尺提高了22.2%,取得了很好的钻进效果。并对取得的效果进行了X射线和显微技术分析。