Neutron diffraction studies of Tb2Rh3Si5 compound

In this work neutron diffraction studies of Tb₂Rh₃Si₅ compound are reported. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal structure of Lu₂Co₃Si₅-type. At 1.5 K an antiferromagnetic ordering with a propagation vector k=(1/2;1/2;1/2) was observed. The Tb magnetic moments of 9.8(2) μ_B form a non-collinear magnetic structure. In the vicinity of Néel temperature of 8 K a change of the magnetic ordering is evidenced. The change seems to be connected with phase transition from commensurate to incommensurate sine-wave modulation of the Tb magnetic moments.     

Determination of blood flow to study the penetration of benzyl nicotinate topically applied in different vehicles

The penetration kinetics of topically applied drugs affecting the cutaneous blood flow can be studied by measuring the biological response to the drug using laser Doppler flowmetry noninvasively. In the present study, the kinetics of vasodilation caused by benzyl nicotinate topically applied in two different vehicles was studied by measuring the blood flows of the superficial dermal plexus and the larger deeper capillaries. The drug was topically applied in a balsam and a gel, respectively, on the flexor forearm of 6 male volunteers. Both blood flows measured were correlated with the time. The maximal value (y _max), the time to reach half of this value (t _rise), and the corresponding period Δt were determined. Significantly increased blood flows were measured in the application areas after treatment with both emulsions. No significant differences were observed for any of the parameters comparing the blood flow after application of the gel with that of the treatment using the balsam. These results indicate similar penetration kinetics and pathways of the drug into the skin independent of the vehicle.     

Accumulation of selenium and chromium in the growth dynamics ofspirulina platensis

The dynamics of accumulation of Se(IV) and Cr(III) in Spirulina platensis (S. platensis) cells was studied using epithermal neutron activation analysis. The effect of Se(IV) and Cr(III) apart and together on growth and morphology of S. platensis cells is discussed. It was established that accumulation of Cr is more intensive than that of Se. As follows from the results obtained, the simultaneous loading of Se and Cr affects the biomass growth dynamics of S. platensis without changing its morphology and protein content. This finding serves the ground for developing the pharmaceuticals based on Se and Cr enriched biomass.     

Untersuchung der Systeme Cobalt/Jod und Nickel/Jod bei h?heren Temperaturen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Photobleaching as a method of increasing the accuracy in measuring carotenoid concentration in human skin by Raman spectroscopy

It was shown experimentally that the effect of photobleaching in noninvasive measurement of the Raman spectra of light used in determining the carotenoid concentration in human skin can be used to increase measurement accuracy. Increased accuracy occurs as a consequence of a decrease in the measurable Raman spectra of the wideband fluorescent background intensity when a sample is irradiated by laser radiation. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that, for the spectra of skin from nine volunteers, the fluorescent background intensity can be decreased on average by a factor of 1.4, which leads to an increase in the signal-to-noise ratio for Raman lines of skin carotenoids by a factor of 1.2 on average. The kinetics of photobleaching of humans can be described by biexponential decay with a correlation coefficient close to unity, which agrees with the presented theoretical calculations.     

Study of interactions between liquid vortices and bubbles by simultaneous particle image velocimetry and laser-induced fluorescence tracking

Extensive experimental research has been conducted using the particle image velocimetry (PIV), laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) imaging and backlit photographic recordings to study the complex interactions between coherent vortex structures created in the shear layer of jets and the bubbles. Triggering of the naturally-developing instabilities of the shear layer by a thin, pulsed annular flow surrounding the jets allowed the creation of large, orderly structures with controllable frequency and phase. Synchronization of the triggering with data acquisition permitted phase averaging of the data and revealed several interesting phenomena. In particular, the evolution of large vortices and bubble fields could be tracked and the interactions could be studied. The horizontal and vertical velocity components of the liquid and bubble fields and the vertical velocity of both the vortex and bubble rings that were created were measured by the PIV. LIF and image recordings have been combined to visualize bubble trapping inside large eddy structures.     

Reverse order law for the Moore-Penrose inverse

In this paper we present new results related to the reverse order law for the Moore-Penrose inverse of operators on Hilbert spaces. Some finite-dimensional results are extended to infinite-dimensional settings.     

Transverse energy production in the target fragmentation region in16O-nucleus reactions at 60 and 200A GeV

Charged pion yields and transverse energies of baryons are measured for the reaction¹⁶O+Cu, Ag, Au at 60 and 200A GeV bombarding energy in the target fragmentation region employing the Plastic Ball detector. Only little dependence of the measured quantities on the bombarding energy is found. The data are compared with the multi-chain fragmentation model of Ranft. As a result it turns out that a leading order formation zone cascade is not sufficient to explain the baryon yield and the transverse energies of baryons in the target fragmentation region.     

Global and local fluctuations in multiplicity and transverse energy for central ultra-relativistic heavy-ion interactions

We present results from a comparison between experimental data and model calculations, in this case represented by the Fritiof model, regarding global and local fluctuations in the distributions of transverse energy and charged particle multiplicity. The results indicate that the observed fluctuations originate predominantly from the distribution of emitting sources, i.e. either the number of participating nucleons or the number of binary collisions. The apparently larger widths of the distributions observed in restricted regions of phase space, are explained to be of purely statistical nature. As a result of the analysis the cross section for events with energy densities much larger than the typical value for a central collision is limited. The very small scales, normally associated with studies of intermittent behaviour, are not within the scope of this paper. The results of the analysis are essentially independent of whether intermittence is of importance in the reactions or not.     

Identification of forbidden vibration-rotation transitions in 15NH3

Forbidden Δ|k ? l| = 3 vibration-rotation transitions have been observed in the ν₄ band of ¹⁵NH₃. The analysis of these transitions, together with previously published data on the allowed transitions, has made it possible to determine a set of molecular parameters, including for the first time the rotational constant C as well as the centrifugal distortion constants D_K and H_KKK, which are necessary for the calculation of energy levels. Some weak forbidden transitions in the ν₂ band have also been observed.