A 21‐Locus Autosomal SNP Multiplex and its Application in Forensic Science

To develop a cost‐effective technique for single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping and improve the efficiency to analyze degraded DNA, we have established a novel multiplex system including 21‐locus autosomal SNPs and amelogenin locus, which was based on allele‐specific amplification (ASA) and universal reporter primers (URP). The target amplicons for each of the 21 SNPs arranged from 63 base pair (bp) to 192 bp. The system was tested in 539 samples from three ethnic groups (Han, Mongolian, and Zhuang population) in China, and the total power of discrimination (TPD) and cumulative probability of exclusion (CPE) were more than 0.99999999 and 0.98, respectively. The system was further validated with forensic samples and full profiles could be achieved from degraded DNA and 63 case‐type samples. In summary, the multiplex system offers an effective technique for individual identification of forensic samples and is much more efficient in the analysis of degraded DNA compared with standard STR typing.     

安全生产行政执法与刑事司法衔接机制研究

安全生产领域行刑衔接不畅的问题由来已久,形成问题的原因是多方面的。同时,应急管理部门尤其基层的执法人员不足和专业度不高的局面一直没有得到很好的改善。这些问题的叠加客观上阻碍着安全生产行刑衔接的顺利推进,应该坚持问题导向并以此为切入点,考察安全生产行刑衔接程序中存在问题的成因。在尊重制度建设规律的前提下,找到解决问题突破口,优化指导理念,在宏观层面的顶层设计时兼顾微观层面操作可行性,按照解决问题轻重缓急的原则,兼顾现实问题的解决和制度建设的前瞻性。     

公民网络参与视角下司法的回应

当下我国司法领域面临着深刻的信任危机,公民通过网络参与司法运作是实现公民参与权等相关权利的重要路径,也是实现司法公正的前提条件,具有正当性。但公民参与司法运作的权利也要受到一定的限制,因为公民的言论自由与司法权存在着冲突,公众的知情权与个人的隐私权也存在着冲突。公民的网络参与一方面增强了司法的民主性,另一方面网络舆论所形成的压力还影响着司法权威的生成。因此,司法机关也应建立起理性的回应机制,对网络舆论进行实时监控,及时引导和应对网络舆论。     

浅析车辆超载超限运输的现状和整治对策

超载超限运输已对道路交通安全构成严重危害。分析超载超限运输现状,整治超载超限运输工作有五个方面的难点。治理超载超限运输,一要发挥职能部门作用,合理调节运输价格;二要加强联动,落实安全生产责任制;三要建立管理长效机制,从源头上遏制超载超限;四要全国一盘棋,整体实现计重收费,体现管理的公平公正;五要加大执法力度,提高违法成本,建立治超保障机制。     

我国地下钱庄的现状分析及治理对策研究

目前,地下钱庄的活动猖獗,并且不断蔓延,严重扰乱着正常的金融管理秩序,影响着国家的经济安全和社会稳定。地下钱庄的形成和存在具有一定的历史背景和现实特征。必须采取切实有效的措施和手段加强对地下钱庄的预防和治理。     

国家、利益、制度:对北约价值观念的一种解读

以个人主叉为基点的国家观念、以成本--收益为尺度的经济价值原则和以法律原则为规范的制度观念作为北约价值观念体系的重要组成部分,塑造了北约的历史形态及其意识形态基础,但其内在的逻辑冲突也使北约面临诸多矛盾.     

Using Fuzzy Rule–Based Systems to Evaluate Overall Financial Performance of Governments: An Enhancement to the Bond Rating Process

Credit ratings remain a key feature of municipal debt management. The primary objective of this article is to develop a new methodology for evaluating the financial performance and creditworthiness of governments and to illustrate this approach for a sample of large American cities. Specifically, we develop a fuzzy rule–based system (FRBS) that uses economic, debt, and other financial information as well as a measure of financial management to produce rankings of city financial performance. The FRBS credit ratings are highly correlated with actual Moody's ratings for these cities. FRBS have the potential of enhancing the rating process by standardizing the information used and encouraging consistent rules about what combinations of inputs result in good, fair, or poor performance.     

Do state balanced budget requirements matter? Testing two explanatory frameworks

Balanced budget requirements (BBRs) affect all aspects of financial operations. Previous studies relied on characterizations that highlight a constitutional-statutory distinction. Hou and Smith (Public Budgeting & Finance 26(3):22–45, 2006) instead propose a political-technical construct. This article uses probit estimation, six measures of balance, and long panels to test which framework offers more explanatory power. The findings suggest that BBRs matter to varying degrees. Technical requirements exert bigger effects than political ones, the effects are more obvious on narrower than broader measures of balance and in the later phases of the budget cycle, and the political-technical construct offers more explanatory power than the constitutional-statutory distinction.     

乡镇概念:内涵与特征

在一般意义上,乡镇有两种解释,一是从行政区划的角度解释,二是从城镇的角度解释。乡镇的基本特征,可以根据对乡镇基本内涵的两种解释,来分别进行探究。