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Ramezani A Esfandiari H Entezari M Moradian S Soheilian M Dehsarvi B Yaseri M 《Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie》2012,250(8):1149-1160
Purpose
To evaluate the effects of repeated intravitreal injections of bevacizumab (IVB) versus triamcinolone acetonide (IVT) in the treatment of acute branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).Methods
In this randomized clinical trial, 86 eyes with recent-onset (less than 12?weeks) BRVO were included. Participants were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: (1) IVB group (43 eyes), patients who received three monthly injections of 1.25?mg of IVB, and (2) IVT group (43 eyes), patients who received two injections of 2?mg IVT 2?months apart. Patients were examined at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6?months after enrollment. Main outcome measure was change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 6?months. Secondary outcome measures were central macular thickness (CMT) and intraocular pressure (IOP) changes at month 6.Results
Mean BCVA improved significantly up to 6?months in both groups from 0.68?±?0.25 to 0.31?±?0.21 logMAR (logarithm of minimum angle of resolution) in the IVB group, and from 0.67?±?0.29 to 0.46?±?0.31 logMAR in the IVT group (P?0.001 for both). However, between-group differences reach to a significant level at months 4 (P?=?0.013) and 6 (P?0.001) in favor of the IVB group. In terms of CMT reduction, similarly, both groups showed a significant decrease at months 3 and 6, and the differences between the groups were statistically significant (P?=?0.031) at final visit. Dividing the cases into ischemic and non-ischemic types, a significant difference was noted only in the ischemic cases regarding BCVA improvement and CMT reduction in favor of the IVB group. Mean IOP rise was significantly higher in the IVT group at all visits.Conclusions
Both 3-times-monthly IVB injections and 2-times IVT injections with a 2-month interval could be effective for improving BCVA and CMT in cases with recent-onset BRVO up to 6?months. However, considering the better visual and anatomic outcomes after IVB injections and the potential complications of IVT injections, we would recommend prescheduled repeated IVB injections for such cases. The favorable responses were more pronounced in the ischemic types of BRVO in this trial; nevertheless, this should be confirmed in larger studies. 相似文献83.
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Azam Almasi Mohammad Zarei Safoura Raoufi Abdolrahman Sarihi Iraj Salehi Alireza Komaki Nasrin Hashemi-Firouzi Siamak Shahidi 《Metabolic brain disease》2018,33(6):1859-1867
The neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is involved in the process of memory. It has been reported that the inhibition of GABAB receptors has beneficial effects on cognition. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of CGP35348 (a GABAB receptor antagonist) on dentate gyrus GABAB receptor inhibition and its effects on learning and memory impairments that had been induced in adult male rats by microinjection of β-amyloid (Aβ). Seventy Wistar male rats were randomly divided into seven groups: control, sham (receiving the Aβ vehicle only), Aβ, Aβ + CGP35348 (1, 10, and 100 μg/μL), and CGP35348 alone (10 μg/μL). Memory impairment was induced by unilateral interventricular microinjection of Aβ (6 μg/6 μL). Rats were cannulated bilaterally in the dentate gyrus, and then, they were treated for 20 consecutive days. Learning and memory were assessed using the novel object recognition and passive avoidance learning tests. The discrimination index and the step-through latency were significantly increased in the Aβ + CGP35348 group in comparison to the Aβ only group (P?<?0.05 and P?<?0.01, respectively). Data showed that the discrimination index was decreased in the Aβ + CGP35348 group in comparison with the control group (P?<?0.05) and sham group (P?<?0.01). Moreover, the step-through latency was significantly decreased in the Aβ + CGP35348 group in comparison to the control and sham groups (P?<?0.01). Data from this study indicated that intra-hippocampal microinjection of the GABAB receptor antagonist counteracts the learning, memory, and cognitive impairments induced by Aβ. It can be concluded that the GABAB receptor antagonist is a possible therapeutic agent against the progression of acute Aβ toxicity-induced memory impairment. 相似文献
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Rink M Ehdaie B Cha EK Green DA Karakiewicz PI Babjuk M Margulis V Raman JD Svatek RS Fajkovic H Lee RK Novara G Hansen J Daneshmand S Lotan Y Kassouf W Fritsche HM Pycha A Fisch M Scherr DS Shariat SF;for the Bladder Cancer Research Consortium 《European urology》2012,62(4):677-684
BACKGROUND: Dissimilarities in management and outcomes exist between upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) and urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the stage-specific impact of upper or lower urinary tract tumor location on oncologic outcomes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Data were collected from 4335 patients with UCB treated with radical cystectomy (RC) and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy (PLND), 877 patients with ureteral UTUC, and 1615 with pelvicalyceal UTUC treated with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). No patient received preoperative chemotherapy or radiation therapy. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were treated with RC and bilateral PLND or RNU. MEASUREMENTS: Outcomes were assessed according to primary tumor location. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Compared to UTUC patients, UCB patients had more advanced tumor stage and higher grade, and they were more likely to harbor lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and lymph node metastasis (p<0.001). In non-muscle-invasive tumor stages, UCB patients were more likely to experience disease recurrence and mortality compared to renal pelvicalyceal tumor patients (p<0.002) but not ureteral tumors (p>0.05). In pT2 and pT3 tumors, there was no difference in outcomes between the three tumor locations. In pT4 tumors, patients with ureteral and pelvicalyceal tumors were more likely to experience disease recurrence and mortality compared to UCB patients (p<0.004). These stage-specific findings were unchanged after adjustment for the effects of age, gender, tumor grade, LVI, lymph node status, and adjuvant chemotherapy. This study is limited by its retrospective and multicenter nature. CONCLUSIONS: Stage-specific differences in outcomes exist between UCB and UTUC. The differentially worse outcomes by stage between UCB and UTUC patients underline the differences between both cancer entities and the need for individualized stage-specific management for each patient. 相似文献
89.
Eric Yi-Hsiu Huang Eila C. Skinner Stuart D. Boyd Jie Cai Gus Miranda Siamak Daneshmand 《World journal of urology》2012,30(6):741-745