A review of in-situ EBSD experiments

IntroductionIn the firstautomated Electron Backscatter Diffrac-tion(EBSD)[1]or Orientation Imaging Microscopy(OIM)[2]systems,patterns were indexed at a rate ofabout four seconds per pattern.In the past decade,OIMscan speeds have increased to over 300 times fas-ter than the original measurements.During this sametime period,scanning electron microscope(SEM)technology has also seen large improvements enablingthe OIMtechnique to be applied at higher spatial reso-lutions and with more flex…     

Confidants' feedback and traumatic life events

One hundred six undergraduate (83 women and 23 men) completed surveys concerning their most traumatic life event, the feedback they received following their disclosure of the event to others, and how they felt after the disclosure. Results indicated that the better they felt after disclosure, the less disturbed they were by thoughts of the event at the time of the study. In addition, the more personal the trauma was, the worse they felt after their disclosure, and the more disturbed they were about the trauma. However, no significant relation existed between the positivity (e.g., supportiveness) of their confidant's feedback and their present degree of disturbance. Implications for understanding the complex relation between confiding traumatic events and resolving feelings surrounding those events were discussed.     

Human imaging of phosphorus in cortical and trabecular bone in vivo.

Phosphorus was imaged in vivo in human cortical and trabecular bone and the T(1) and T(2) (*) were measured. An ultrashort TE (UTE) pulse sequence (TE = 70 microm) was used with half pulse excitation and radial mapping of k-space from the center out. T(2) (*) was measured using multiple echo times and T(1) was measured both by saturation recovery and by a method using different RF pulse amplitudes. Seven normal subjects (32-85 years) were examined. Phosphorus was imaged, with a true in-plane resolution of 2.9 x 2.9 mm and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 19:1, in both cortical and trabecular bone. The mean T(2) (*) value was 207 +/- 12 micros, and the mean T(1) value was 8.6 +/- 3.0 sec. Images and measurements were obtained in realistic times on a clinical MR system. This may provide a new approach to characterizing disease of bone.     

Isolated human hepatocytes in culture display markedly different gene expression patterns depending on attachment status

In vitro human hepatocyte cultures are a key tool in the investigation of xenobiotic toxicity and metabolism. In most in vitro hepatocyte studies, the cells are allowed to adhere to an extracellular matrix, such as collagen. Unfortunately, the ability of freshly isolated hepatocytes to adhere to collagen varies from donor to donor. We used microarray analysis to determine what gene expression differences exist between hepatocytes in suspension and hepatocytes attached to collagen. Results from different donors showed a considerable difference in gene expression patterns between the two hepatocyte populations. In addition, we also compared the gene expression profiles of hepatocytes in culture with liver tissue. The results showed that both hepatocytes in suspension and hepatocytes attached to collagen display significant gene expression differences compared with liver tissue. Finally, we show that both populations of hepatocytes are responsive to dexamethasone and regulate some of the same genes. Overall, our results suggest that either significant gene expression changes occur in isolated hepatocytes or that suspended and attached cells represent different populations of hepatocytes found in intact livers.     

Genetic determinants of statin intolerance

Background  

Statin-related skeletal muscle disorders range from benign myalgias – such as non-specific muscle aches or joint pains without elevated serum creatinine kinase (CK) concentration – to true myositis with >10-fold elevation of serum CK, to rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria. The genetic basis of statin-related muscle disorders is largely unknown. Because mutations in the COQ2 gene are associated with severe inherited myopathy, we hypothesized that common, mild genetic variation in COQ2 would be associated with inter-individual variation in statin intolerance. We studied 133 subjects who developed myopathy on statin monotherapy and 158 matched controls who tolerated statins without incident or complaint.     

Harvey Cushing's postoperative sketches of pediatric brain tumors

Harvey Cushing was a man of many talents. Not only was he a premier surgeon and scientist, but a prolific author and artist as well. In this paper, we present two postoperative sketches of pediatric brain tumors drawn by Dr. Cushing. These sketches are representative of drawings which accompany many of his operative notes at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital. About 25% of Cushing's surgical sketches depict operations performed on children. The most commonly drawn childhood tumors were craniopharyngiomas and gliomas of the brain stem and cerebellum. These drawings reveal how Cushing maintained detailed records of his surgical experience. It is clearly evident from these records that Dr. Cushing gained substantial experience in the treatment of pediatric brain tumors.