兔心肌梗塞模型制备方法的改进及其在MRI中的应用

目的　对兔心肌缺血的模型制备方法进行改进 ,并探讨其在 MRI诊断研究中的价值。方法　分别采用高位结扎左冠状动脉前降支 (L AD)和同时低位结扎 L AD及左冠状动脉旋支 (L Cx)建立兔心肌梗塞模型 ,并在术后行 MRI检查 ,对取材后心肌标本行氯化三苯四氮唑 (TTC)及病理检查。结果　 1L AD组 2 0 % (5 / 2 5 )发生心室颤动导致死亡 ,L AD +L Cx组无一例发生室颤死亡。 2 L AD组 EKG改变明显者占 5 6 % (14 / 2 5 ) ,其中 2 1.4 3% (3/14 )在即刻就有 EKG明显改变 ,并在 30分钟后恢复正常 ;EKG改变不明显者占 4 4 % (11/ 2 5 ) ;L AD +L Cx组 10 0 %有 EKG明显改变 ,且 30分钟后亦无明显恢复。 3L AD组心肌梗塞范围较小 ,并均限于左室前壁 ,室间隔前部损害 ;而 L AD+L Cx组心肌梗塞范围较大 ,且累及左室前壁及侧壁 ,无一例有室间隔前部损害。4 L AD组中有 30 % (6 / 2 0 )不能显示小灶缺血局部心肌运动降低 ,16 .6 7% (3/ 18)无法分辨早期小梗塞灶的 MRI信号变化 ;而 L AD+L Cx组均能显示缺血局部心肌运动降低及梗塞灶早期的 MRI信号变化。结论　低位结扎兔心 L AD+L Cx,手术死亡率低 ,EKG改变明显 ,梗塞面积较大 ,是 MRI研究中一种较理想的心肌缺血动物模型制备方法。     

Structured training of ENT Specialist Registrars in the out‐patient clinic and theatre

The aims of this paper are to evaluate the training in out‐patients and in theatre after the recent changes in SpR training. A postal questionnaire was sent to 191 Specialist Registrars (SpRs) in England and Wales and 57 were returned (30%). There were temporal bone facilities within the hospital for 53 SpRs but only three used them because there were no temporal bones. Surgical training was more satisfactory than out‐patient training. Fewer general clinics and more specialized clinics are required, and consultant supervision is still patchy and needs attention.     

PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS Ⅰ. EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF OPEN NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS BY QUALITATIVE ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ISOENZYME IN AMNIOTIC FLUID

The measurement of amniotic fluid (AF) acetylcholinesterase isoenzyme (AChEI) is a relatively new method for early diagnosis of open neural tube defects (NTDs). As quantitative methods are of unproven reliability at present, the authors used a high resolving power qualitative method-vertical slab polyaerylamide gel electrophoresis. The benefits of this technique are: simplicity of operation, accuracy, unsophisticated equipment, and easily available reagents. Combined results of 9 NTDs studies revealed that samples from early pregnancy gave more accurate results than those from late pregnancy.     

从人口性比例失调看汉魏时期道教的兴盛

自东汉中期“贱杀女子”等残害妇女的现象大肆泛滥，造成东汉中后期出现了比较严重的性比例失调问题以来，以于吉、宫崇、襄楷等人为代表的“太平道”，试图利用包含有“兴国广嗣之术”的《太平清领书》去挽救东汉政权的颓势；然而，东汉统治者不但没有正视这些民间知识阶层的政治诉求，反而将《太平清领书》视为妖妄之书，并束之高阁；以后，该书的内容颇为张角所用，不仅掀起了轰轰烈烈的黄巾起义，而且也开启了汉晋时期道教的建立和以“兴国广嗣之术”为主旨的道教由民间信仰逐步走向国教的发展历程。     

Effects of intermittent diethylstilbestrol diphosphate administration on the R3327 rat prostatic carcinoma

Clinical trials have utilized intermittent diethylstilbestrol diphosphate (DES) therapy in advanced symptomatic prostatic carcinoma to diminish the morbidity of standard endocrine therapy. To determine the effect of intermittent DES administration on the Dunning R3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma 60 days following tumor implant, 6 groups were randomly assigned: control (N = 8), castrate (N = 10), high dose DES (N = 8, 1.6 micrograms/ml DES continuously in drinking water), low dose DES (N = 10, 0.4 microgram/ml continuously in drinking water), intermittent high dose DES (N = 10, 1.6 micrograms/ml DES in drinking water for 1 week, then off for 3 weeks), and intermittent low dose DES (N = 10, 0.4 microgram/ml DES for 1 week, then off for 3 weeks). Results indicate that low or high dose DES, and intermittent low or intermittent high dose DES during the week of administration were able to reduce serum testosterone to castrate levels (0.1 ng/ml). After withdrawal of intermittent DES, serum testosterone returned toward control levels (1.0 ng/ml). Initial mean tumor burden between control and treatment groups was not significantly different. All DES exposed rats had a tumor volume at death (range, 15.6-18.3 cm3) smaller than control (mean, 25.4 cm3) or castrate (mean, 40.8 cm3) rats. Despite this significant survival advantage from the time of randomization was achieved only in castrate (median survival, 331 days) or high dose DES (median survival, 359 days) groups compared to control (median survival, 225 days). Similarly, significant prolongation in tumor doubling time was achieved only by rats receiving castration or high dose DES. Intermittent DES administration controls tumor volume but does not provide a survival advantage. In this respect, intermittent DES is inferior to castration.     

视盘血管主干位置在青光眼视神经损害诊断中的作用

目的观察视盘血管主干位置对上、下方盘沿宽度的影响，探讨视盘血管主干位置在青光眼视神经损害诊断中的作用。方法评价眼底照片清晰、视盘血管主干位置明确的视盘459例，其中大视盘131例，中视盘145例，横椭圆形视盘75例，小视盘108例。应用两组独立样本t检验，比较各类视盘的血管偏上组、血管偏下组的上、下方盘沿宽度的差异；比较上方盘沿窄组和下方盘沿窄组的血管位置的差异。结果总体及大视盘、小视盘的血管偏上组的盘沿比（0.467±0.051，0.445±0.040，0.508±0.056）较血管偏下组的盘沿比（0.500±0.066，0.474±0.062，0.546±0.048）小，差异有统计学意义（P=0.000，P=0.045，P=0.018，P值均<0.05）；总体及大视盘、小视盘的上方盘沿窄组的血管比（0.510±0.051，0.508±0.055，0.512±0.036）较下方盘沿窄组的血管比（0.528±0.045，0.533±0.048，0.534±0.045）小，差异有统计学意义（P=0.000，P=0.046，P=0.022，P值均<0.05）。结论视盘血管主干位置偏向侧的盘沿较窄，视盘血管主干位置远离侧的盘沿较宽。大视盘、中视盘、横视盘出现盘沿下方窄、上方宽，血管主干位置偏上，小视盘盘沿上方窄、下方宽，血管主干位置偏下，提示青光眼视神经改变。（中华眼底病杂志，2007，23：118-121）     

院内急性脑卒中52例临床分析

目的探讨院内脑卒中临床特点。方法对52例院内脑卒中患者的临床资料进行综合分析。脑梗死46例，脑出血4例，蛛网膜下腔出血2例，死亡2例，临床治愈18例，32例有较轻的神经系统后遗症。院内卒中的发病原因众多，预后较好，各级医护人员要重视院内脑卒中并防止医疗纠纷的产生。结果结论     

腹壁下动脉插管化疗在子宫颈及阴道恶性肿瘤的应用

我科6年中对子宫颈及阴道恶性肿瘤施行腹壁下动脉插管化疗共34例,作为配合放疗及争取手术的综合疗法之一,提高晚期宫颈癌的放疗效果,对Ⅱ期早宫颈癌施行根治术者6例,但对腺癌、肉瘤及恶性黑色素瘤等效果差。     

新改良式远端脾肾静脉分流术

本文报告一种新的改良式远端脾肾静脉分流术,即脾静脉与左肾静脉侧侧吻合、脾静脉远端结扎,再将胃冠状静脉结扎。作者经治7例,初步观察疗效较好,术后无死亡,无复发出血,无肝性脑病发生。本文对这种手术的步骤和优点进行了讨论和分析。     

Supraoptic nucleus afferents from the main olfactory bulb--II. Intracellularly recorded responses to lateral olfactory tract stimulation in rat brain slices

To establish the functional nature of the anatomically demonstrated main olfactory bulb inputs to the supraoptic nucleus, electrophysiological responses of intracellularly recorded supraoptic neurons to lateral olfactory tract stimulation were recorded in horizontal slices of basal forebrain and hypothalamus. A total of 71 synaptically influenced neurons were studied in slices from adult rats of both sexes. Of these, 60 cells (84%) were monosynaptically activated by olfactory tract stimulation; seven cells (10%) were activated via polysynaptic pathways; and four cells (6%) were characterized by long latency inhibitory responses. Lucifer Yellow was injected into 64 cells and subsequent immunocytochemical identification of 44 of these neurons showed that both oxytocin and vasopressin cells, in approximately equal numbers, were excited by olfactory stimulation. Polysynaptically mediated excitation, however, was only associated with oxytocin cells (six of the six identified cells). These results corroborate anatomical tract tracing data showing main olfactory bulb efferents to both supraotic neurons and to neurons of the perinuclear zone. Also supported are earlier speculations of olfactory participation in release of oxytocin and vasopressin during various physiological states.