Introduction
Left ventricular (LV) dysfunction is estimated to occur in 10%–25% of the general intensive care unit (ICU) population and is frequently seen as regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMAs). Although RWMA is mostly attributed to myocardial ischemia or infarction, some studies have suggested that nonischemic RWMA might also be prevalent. We sought to establish that RWMA can be seen in critically ill patients with normal coronary arteries and to explore reasons for RWMA in this population.Methods
In this retrospective study, data from the hospital angiography register and the ICU register were collated between 2012 and 2019. Patients were identified who underwent angiography in conjunction with their ICU stay and had RWMA on echocardiography. Patients were divided into either those with non-obstructed or those with obstructed coronary arteries. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) examinations were reviewed if they had been performed on patients with non-obstructed coronaries.Results
We identified 53 patients with RWMA and non-obstructed coronary arteries and 204 patients with RWMA and obstructed coronary arteries. Patients with non-obstructed coronary arteries were more often female, younger, and had fewer cardiovascular risk factors. They less commonly had ST elevation, but more frequently had T-wave inversion or serious arrhythmias. Troponin levels were higher in patients with obstructed coronary arteries, but NT-proBNP was similar between the groups. There were no differences in risk-adjusted 90-day mortality between patients with non-obstructed versus obstructed coronary arteries (OR 1.21, [95% CI 0.56–2.64], p = .628). In those with non-obstructed coronary arteries, follow-up echocardiography was available for 38 patients, of whom 30 showed normalization of cardiac function. Of the 14 patients with non-obstructed coronary arteries on whom cMRI was performed, 7 had a tentative diagnosis of Takotsubo syndrome or myocardial stunning; 4 had a myocardial infarction (preexisting in 3 cases); 1 patient had acute myocarditis; 1 patient had post-myocarditis; and 1 patient was diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy.Conclusion
RWMA can be seen to occur in critically ill patients in the absence of coronary artery obstruction. Several conditions can cause regional hypokinesia, and cMRI is useful to evaluate the underlying etiology. 相似文献Objectives
Although physical fitness is considered a marker of health in youth, little is known whether physical fitness in pre-school age is related to later body composition. Thus, this study investigated (i) associations of physical fitness at 4.5 years of age with body composition 12 months later and (ii) whether improvements in physical fitness during the 12-month follow-up were associated with changes in body composition.Design
This study included 142 children, measured at 4.5 and 5.5 years, from the control group of the MINISTOP trial.Methods
Physical fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness, lower- and upper-body muscular strength and motor fitness) was measured using the PREFIT test battery. Body composition was assessed using air-displacement plethysmography.Results
In adjusted regression analyses, greater cardiorespiratory fitness, lower-body muscular strength and motor fitness at 4.5 years were associated with a lower fat mass index at 5.5 years (standardized β= ?0.182 to ?0.229, p ≤ 0.028). Conversely, greater cardiorespiratory fitness, lower- and upper-body muscular strength as well as motor fitness at 4.5 years of age were associated with a higher fat-free mass index (standardized β = 0.255–0.447, p ≤ 0.001). Furthermore, improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, lower-body muscular strength and motor fitness during the 12-month follow-up period were associated with decreases in fat mass index and/or % fat mass.Conclusions
In conclusion, the results of this study provide evidence of the importance of physical fitness early in life. Nevertheless, further studies are needed in order to clarify the influence of physical fitness in the pre-school age with later health outcomes. 相似文献Background
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and other antidepressants are important as a cause of hyponatremia. However, most studies have focused on the effect on sodium levels regardless of clinical symptoms, or have been too small to be able to discriminate between the effects of specific antidepressant drugs. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between different groups of antidepressants and the risk of hospitalization due to hyponatremia.Methods
In this register-based case-control study of patients in the general Swedish population, we identified 14,359 individuals with a main diagnosis of hyponatremia. For every case, 4 matched controls were included (n = 57,382). To investigate the temporal aspects of drug-induced hyponatremia, antidepressant exposure was divided into patients with newly initiated and ongoing treatment. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the association of antidepressant use and hospitalization.Results
For newly initiated antidepressants, adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for a main diagnosis of hyponatremia compared with controls were: citalopram 5.50 (4.71-6.44); sertraline 4.96 (3.81-6.48); venlafaxine 5.28 (3.20-8.83); tricyclic antidepressants 1.59 (1.13-2.24); and mirtazapine 2.54 (2.04-3.16). Adjusted odds ratio (confidence interval) for individuals with ongoing treatment ranged from 0.57 (0.52-0.63) for citalopram to 1.08 (0.85-1.36) for other SSRIs.Conclusions
There was a strong association between newly initiated treatment with SSRIs or venlafaxine and hospitalization due to hyponatremia. The association for tricyclic antidepressants and mirtazapine was small to moderate. In contrast, there was no evidence that ongoing treatment with antidepressants increases the risk for hospitalization due to hyponatremia. 相似文献Objectives
Research investigating the longitudinal effects of the most popular sports on bone development in adolescent males is scarce. The aim is to investigate the effect of 12-month participation in osteogenic and non-osteogenic sports on bone development.Design
A 12-month study was conducted in adolescent males involved in football, swimming and cycling and compared with an active control group.Methods
116 adolescent males (13.1 ± 0.1 years at baseline): 37 footballers, 37 swimmers, 28 cyclists and 14 active controls were followed for 12 months. Bone mineral content (BMC) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and bone stiffness was measured by quantitative ultrasound. Bone outcomes at 12 months were adjusted for baseline bone status, age, height, lean mass and moderate to vigorous physical activity.Results
Footballers had higher improvement in adjusted BMC at the total body, total hip, shaft, Ward’s triangle, legs and bone stiffness compared to cyclists (6.3–8.0%). Footballers had significantly higher adjusted BMC at total body, shaft and legs compared to swimmers (5.4–5.6%). There was no significant difference between swimmers and cyclists for any bone outcomes. Swimming and cycling participation resulted in non-significant lower bone development at most sites of the skeleton compared to controls (?4.3 to ?0.6%).Conclusions
Football participation induces significantly greater improvements in BMC and bone stiffness over 12 months compared to cycling and swimming.Clinical trial registration
ISRCTN17982776. 相似文献Percutaneous anchoring of femoral amputation prostheses using osseointegrating titanium implants has been in use for more than 25 years. The method offers considerable advantages in daily life compared with conventional socket prostheses, however long-term success might be jeopardized by implant-associated infection, especially osteomyelitis, but the long-term risk of this complication is unknown.
Questions/Purposes(1) To quantify the risk of osteomyelitis, (2) to characterize the clinical effect of osteomyelitis (including risk of implant extraction and impairments to function), and (3) to determine whether common patient factors (age, sex, body weight, diabetes, and implant component replacements) are associated with osteomyelitis in patients with transfemoral amputations treated with osseointegrated titanium implants.
MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed our first 96 patients receiving femoral implants (102 implants; mean implant time, 95 months) treated at our center between 1990 and 2010 for osteomyelitis. Six patients were lost to followup. The reason for amputation was tumor, trauma, or ischemia in 97 limbs and infection in five. All patients were referred from other orthopaedic centers owing to difficulty with use or to be fitted with socket prostheses. If found ineligible for this implant procedure no other treatment was offered at our center. Osteomyelitis was diagnosed by medical chart review of clinical signs, tissue culture results, and plain radiographic findings. Proportion of daily prosthetic use when osteomyelitis was diagnosed was semiquantitatively graded as 1 to 3. Survivorship free from implant- associated osteomyelitis and extraction attributable to osteomyelitis respectively was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. Indication for extraction was infection not responsive to conservative treatment with or without minor débridement or loosening of implant.
ResultsImplant-associated osteomyelitis was diagnosed in 16 patients corresponding to a 10-year cumulative risk of 20% (95% CI 0.12–0.33). Ten implants were extracted owing to osteomyelitis, with a 10-year cumulative risk of 9% (95% CI 0.04–0.20). Prosthetic use was temporarily impaired in four of the six patients with infection who did not undergo implant extraction. With the numbers available, we did not identify any association between age, BMI, or diabetes with osteomyelitis; however, this study was underpowered on this endpoint.
ConclusionThe increased risk of infection with time calls for numerous measures. First, patients should be made aware of the long-term risks, and the surgical team should have a heightened suspicion in patients with method-specific presentation of possible infection. Second, several research questions have been raised. Will the surgical procedure, rehabilitation, and general care standardization since the start of the program result in lower infection rates? Will improved diagnostics and early treatment resolve infection and prevent subsequent extraction? Although not supported in this study, it is important to know if most infections arise as continuous bacterial invasion from the skin and implant interface and if so, how this can be prevented?
Level of EvidenceLevel IV, therapeutic study.
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