兔肢体爆炸伤合并海水浸泡后在不同复温速率及维持浅低体温下机体炎症反应的特征

目的 观察不同复温速率及浅低温对兔肢体爆炸伤合并海水浸泡后机体炎症反应的特点.方法 复制肢体爆炸伤合并海水浸泡致低体温[(31.0±0.5℃)]模型.成年家兔24只,随机分为4组,每组6只.Ⅰ组复温至(38.0±0.5)℃,复温速率(8.94±0.93)℃/h;Ⅱ组复温至(38.0±0.5)℃,复温速率(3.88±0.22)℃/h;Ⅲ组复温至(38.0±0.5)℃,复温速率(2.18±0.12)℃/h;H组复温至(34～35)℃并维持至实验结束,复温速率(4.49±0.66)℃/h.以调节环境温度及加温输液的方法将体温恢复到目标体温后维持该体温观察6 h.于致伤前(T0)、浸泡降温后(T1)、复温即刻(T2)、复温后3 h(T3)、复温后6 h(T4)共5个时相点检测血清肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白介素-6(IL-6).实验结束后取动物心、肝、肠、肺、肾组织.测定组织匀浆髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性.结果 复温后,Ⅰ组、H组IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α值较Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组明显升高(P<0.01或P<0.05),其中Ⅰ组升高更为显著.Ⅰ组、H组心、肝、肠、肺、肾组织匀浆中,MPO活性较Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组明显增高(P<0.01或P<0.05),Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组比较差异无统计学意义.结论 肢体爆炸伤合并海水浸泡致低体温后,快速复温及维持机体低体温均可导致机体内IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平明显升高,组织中MPO活性明显增高;缓慢复温则可以明显抑制这3种炎症因子的水平及组织中MPO活性.     

兔肢体爆炸伤合并海水浸泡后在不同复温速率及维持浅低体温下机体炎症反应的特征

Objective To investigate effects of different rewarming rates and maintenance of light hypothermia on inflammatory response in rabbits after limb blast injury, coupled with seawater immersion. Methods First, the model of limb blast injury coupled with seawater immersion was reproduced [the animals were immersed to low body temperature of (31.0±0.5℃)]. Then, 24 adult rabbits were randomly divided into group Ⅰ [the rapid rewarming group, n=6, rewarmed to (38±0.5)℃ at a rate of (8.94±0.93)℃/h], group Ⅱ [the slow rewarming group, n=6, rewarmed to (38±0.5)℃ at a rate of (3.88±0.22)℃/h], group Ⅲ [another slow rewarming group, n=6, rewarmed to (38±0.5)℃ at a rate of (2.18±0.12)℃/h], and the H group [the hypothermia group, n =6, rewarmed to (34 - 35)℃ at a rate of (4.49±0.66)℃/h and kept at that temperature till termination of the experiment]. Regulation of ambient temperature and warm transfusion were used to restore body temperature to target levels and maintained there for 6 hours. Blood samples were taken at 5 different times, I.e. Pre-injury time(T0), post-immersion time (T1), the time when rewarming started (T2), 3 h after rewarming (T3), and 6 h after rewarming (T4). Tissue samples from heart, liver, intestinum, lung and kidney were also collected. Levels of TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α), IL-1β (interleukin-1β) and IL-6 (interleukin-6) in plasma and MPO (myeloperoxidase) in homogenate were detected. Results Following rewarming, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 concentrations in the plasma of the animals in group Ⅰ and group H were significantly higher when compared with those of the animals in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ (P<0.05, P<0.01), and MPO activity in homogenate was significantly higher when compared with that of the animals in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ(P<0.01, P<0.05), and no statistical difference could be seen between group Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P>0.05). Conclusions Rapid rewarming and maintenance of light hypothermia could obviously elevate TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 concentrations in plasma and MPO activity in homogenate, following limb blast injury coupled with hypothermia induced by seawater immersion, while slow rewarming (with a rewarming rate of 2-4℃/h) could significantly inhibit TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 levels and PMN activity.     

病毒灭活健康人血浆对人体血栓弹力图的影响

目的 观察冰冻病毒灭活血浆(S/D血浆)对机体血栓弹力图(TEG)的影响.方法 60例接受四肢、脊柱手术,并估计失血量在500ml以上的择期手术患者,年龄18～60岁.分段随机法随机分为3组:S/D血浆组(SDP组,n＝20)、普通新鲜冰冻血浆组(FFP组,n＝20)、10%羟乙基淀粉组(HES组,n＝20).所选择病例均采取全身麻醉方式,术中连续监测直接桡动脉血压、心电图、脉搏氧饱和度、呼末二氧化碳分压,间断监测中心静脉压.在失血量达400～500ml时开始在各组输注实验药物,输注量为8～10ml/kg,在60min内输注完毕,术中根据红细胞压积(Hct)考虑是否输注红细胞.各组在输注试验药物前、输注完毕后60min和120min采集血样.检测PT、APTT、TT、INR、FIB、TEG、PLt.采用SPSS11.0软件对各组间进行重复测量的方差分析法处理,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结果 3组患者PT、APTT、TT、INR、FIB在输注前后均无明显变化(P＞0.05).3组患者R、K值在输注后均下降,Angle值在输注前后无明显变化.输注SDP及FFP后,MA值明显升高(P＜0.05),血凝块的强度和血栓的稳定性均有不同程度的提高,而HES组MA值则在输注后明显下降(P＜0.01).结论 输注血浆制品及羟乙基淀粉后机体呈现凝血速度加快的趋势;输注病毒灭活血浆及新鲜血浆后,机体血凝块的强度和血栓的稳定性均有不同程度的提高;但输注羟乙基淀粉后,血凝块的强度及血栓的稳定性有所下降.     

ECG深静脉置管深度定位的临床应用

目的探讨深静脉置管深度定位仪临床的应用价值。方法160例患者随机分为3组。由操作者实施颈内静脉穿刺．并依据个人经验性放置导管再根据深度定位仪确定放置深度，术后床旁X线确定导管前端在上腔静脉的位置。结果在小儿组，深度定位仪的准确性明显优于经验性放置；成人组，没有明显差别。结论深静脉置管深度定位仪对于确定导管在上腔静脉的位置具有较高的临床应用价值。     

兔肢体爆炸伤合并海水浸泡后在不同复温速率及维持浅低体温下机体炎症反应的特征

Objective To investigate effects of different rewarming rates and maintenance of light hypothermia on inflammatory response in rabbits after limb blast injury, coupled with seawater immersion. Methods First, the model of limb blast injury coupled with seawater immersion was reproduced [the animals were immersed to low body temperature of (31.0±0.5℃)]. Then, 24 adult rabbits were randomly divided into group Ⅰ [the rapid rewarming group, n=6, rewarmed to (38±0.5)℃ at a rate of (8.94±0.93)℃/h], group Ⅱ [the slow rewarming group, n=6, rewarmed to (38±0.5)℃ at a rate of (3.88±0.22)℃/h], group Ⅲ [another slow rewarming group, n=6, rewarmed to (38±0.5)℃ at a rate of (2.18±0.12)℃/h], and the H group [the hypothermia group, n =6, rewarmed to (34 - 35)℃ at a rate of (4.49±0.66)℃/h and kept at that temperature till termination of the experiment]. Regulation of ambient temperature and warm transfusion were used to restore body temperature to target levels and maintained there for 6 hours. Blood samples were taken at 5 different times, I.e. Pre-injury time(T0), post-immersion time (T1), the time when rewarming started (T2), 3 h after rewarming (T3), and 6 h after rewarming (T4). Tissue samples from heart, liver, intestinum, lung and kidney were also collected. Levels of TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α), IL-1β (interleukin-1β) and IL-6 (interleukin-6) in plasma and MPO (myeloperoxidase) in homogenate were detected. Results Following rewarming, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 concentrations in the plasma of the animals in group Ⅰ and group H were significantly higher when compared with those of the animals in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ (P<0.05, P<0.01), and MPO activity in homogenate was significantly higher when compared with that of the animals in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ(P<0.01, P<0.05), and no statistical difference could be seen between group Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P>0.05). Conclusions Rapid rewarming and maintenance of light hypothermia could obviously elevate TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 concentrations in plasma and MPO activity in homogenate, following limb blast injury coupled with hypothermia induced by seawater immersion, while slow rewarming (with a rewarming rate of 2-4℃/h) could significantly inhibit TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 levels and PMN activity.     

格拉司琼在妇科围术期预防呕吐的临床观察

90例择期妇科手术(子宫全或次全切除或卵巢切除)病人,美国麻醉医师协会分级为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,随机分为3组,各30例。格拉司琼组平均年龄40岁,平均体重56kg,有手术史5例;氟哌啶组平均年龄38岁,平均体重51kg,有手术史6例;对照组平均年龄40岁,平均体重54kg,有手术史6例。麻醉前用药:格拉司琼组麻醉前静脉注射格拉司琼3mg(稀释至10mL);氟哌啶组麻醉前静脉注射氟哌啶1.25mg(稀释至10mL);对照组麻醉前静脉注射生理氯化钠10mL。3组病例的麻醉方法及术中管理相似。结果:格拉司琼组、氟哌啶组、对照组的术中恶心、呕吐发生率为10%、17%、60%,前两者与后者…     

犬心肺复苏前后红细胞流变学变化的特征

目的：从非失血因素导致的心跳骤停复苏前后红细胞流变学变化入手，对影响后期脑复苏及重要器官保护的其中一个因素进行研究。方法：实验选用健康杂种家犬8只，体质量11～20．5kg。将狗麻醉后，于右胸及左心尖的皮下电极以交流电(50～80V)刺激，诱发室颤至循环停止。8min后开始机械通气及心肺复苏，复苏成功行常规后续支持治疗。心跳骤停前5min，心跳骤停中第5秒，心肺复苏后30，60，90，120min于股静脉采集血液标本测定红细胞聚集指数(RBC aggregation index，RAI)，红细胞变形指数(RBC deformation index，RDI)，红细胞刚性指数(RBC rigidity index，RRI)，全血高切黏度(hish—shear blood viscosity，HBV)，全血低切黏度(low—shear blood viscosity，LBV)，卡松黏度，卡松屈服应力(Casson yield stress，CYS)。结果：心跳骤停中5min，复苏后30min与复苏前RAI比较，差异无显著性意义(P&;gt;0．05)；复苏后60min，90min与复苏前比较，差异有显著性意义(t=2．97，2．42，P&;lt;0．05)；复苏后120min与复苏前比较，差异有非常显著性意义(t=3．46，P&;lt;0．01)。心跳骤停中5min与复苏后120min RDI(0．96&;#177;0．09，0．91&;#177;0．13)和复苏前(0．88&;#177;0．07)比较，差异无显著性意义(P&;gt;0．05)；复苏后90min(1．01&;#177;0．12)与复苏前比较，差异有显著性意义(t=2．57，P&;lt;0．05)；复苏后30min(1．05&;#177;0．13)，60min(1．07&;#177;0．15)与复苏前比较，差异有非常显著性意义(t=3．07，3．08，P&;lt;0．01)。心跳骤停中5min，复苏后30，60，90min，120min RRI与复苏前比较，差异有非常显著性意义(t=4．67，6．19，5．06，10．37，7．75。P&;lt;0．01)。心跳骤停中5min，复苏后5，30min LBV，CYS与复苏前比较，差异无显著性意义(P&;gt;0．05)；复苏后60，90min与复苏前比较，差异有显著性意义(P&;lt;0．05)；复苏后120min与复苏前比较，差异有非常显著性意义(t=5．62，6．48，7．02，6．48，P&;lt;0．01)。结论：犬非失血性心跳骤停的心肺复苏后，红细胞的聚集指数、红细胞变形指数、红细胞刚性指数较复苏前均有显著增加。而反应宏观血液流变学性质的参数全血低切黏度及卡松屈服应力在复苏后也明显增加。     

成功抢救宫外孕失血性休克心跳骤停1例

患者,女,３２岁,因停经４６ ｄ,阴道不规则流血 １６ ｄ于 ２０００－０１－３０ Ｔ ０：１０ 急诊入我科。查体：Ｔ ３７． ０℃,Ｐ １２６次／ｍｉｎ,Ｒ ２５次／ｍｉｎ,ＢＰ ８／６ ｋＰａ,急性病容,面色苍白,脉细弱,四肢冰冷,心肺未闻及异常,腹平软,无明显压痛、反跳痛,移动性浊音阳性,肠鸣音活跃 ８～１０次／ｍｉｎ。化验检查：血常规 ＷＢＣ ２３．６ × １０９／ｇ,中性 ９３％,淋巴 ７％,ＲＢＣ ２．０３ × １０１２／ｇ,Ｈｂ６５ｇ／Ｌ　生化Ｋ＋２．６５ ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,Ｎａ＋１３３．０ ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,Ｃ…     

兔肢体爆炸伤合并海水浸泡后在不同复温速率及维持浅低体温下机体炎症反应的特征

Objective To investigate effects of different rewarming rates and maintenance of light hypothermia on inflammatory response in rabbits after limb blast injury, coupled with seawater immersion. Methods First, the model of limb blast injury coupled with seawater immersion was reproduced [the animals were immersed to low body temperature of (31.0±0.5℃)]. Then, 24 adult rabbits were randomly divided into group Ⅰ [the rapid rewarming group, n=6, rewarmed to (38±0.5)℃ at a rate of (8.94±0.93)℃/h], group Ⅱ [the slow rewarming group, n=6, rewarmed to (38±0.5)℃ at a rate of (3.88±0.22)℃/h], group Ⅲ [another slow rewarming group, n=6, rewarmed to (38±0.5)℃ at a rate of (2.18±0.12)℃/h], and the H group [the hypothermia group, n =6, rewarmed to (34 - 35)℃ at a rate of (4.49±0.66)℃/h and kept at that temperature till termination of the experiment]. Regulation of ambient temperature and warm transfusion were used to restore body temperature to target levels and maintained there for 6 hours. Blood samples were taken at 5 different times, I.e. Pre-injury time(T0), post-immersion time (T1), the time when rewarming started (T2), 3 h after rewarming (T3), and 6 h after rewarming (T4). Tissue samples from heart, liver, intestinum, lung and kidney were also collected. Levels of TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α), IL-1β (interleukin-1β) and IL-6 (interleukin-6) in plasma and MPO (myeloperoxidase) in homogenate were detected. Results Following rewarming, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 concentrations in the plasma of the animals in group Ⅰ and group H were significantly higher when compared with those of the animals in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ (P<0.05, P<0.01), and MPO activity in homogenate was significantly higher when compared with that of the animals in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ(P<0.01, P<0.05), and no statistical difference could be seen between group Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P>0.05). Conclusions Rapid rewarming and maintenance of light hypothermia could obviously elevate TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 concentrations in plasma and MPO activity in homogenate, following limb blast injury coupled with hypothermia induced by seawater immersion, while slow rewarming (with a rewarming rate of 2-4℃/h) could significantly inhibit TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 levels and PMN activity.