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101.
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The effects of homopolymer and copolymer compositions and structures in styrene/n-butyl acrylate (Sty/BA) latices on sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (SDOSS) surfactant mobility and its preferential concentration at the film–air (F–A) and film–substrate (F–S) interfaces were examined using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR FTIR) spectroscopy. It appears that the SDOSS concentration at the F–S interface is highest when the Sty/BA feed ratio is 50/50, and the excess of Sty results in migration of SDOSS surfactant to the F–A interface. This behavior is attributed to the increased glass transition temperature and diminished compatibility between surfactant molecules and copolymer latex. This study also shows that the primary factors that influence exudation to either F–A or F–S interfaces are surface tension of the substrate, glass transition temperature, water flux during coalescence, and compatibility between latex components. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
104.
We have found that not only block copolymers but also ionomers can self-assemble in a selective solvent to form surfactant-free nanoparticles. The self-assembly can be induced by chemical reaction, polymer-polymer complexation, and microphase inversion in addition to the temperature. A recently developed microwave method for the preparation of uniform surfactant-free polymeric nanoparticles is also reviewed. Our results have revealed that for a given dispersion, the particle surface area occupied per stabilizer (surfactant, polymer chains, and ionic groups) is close to a constant. 相似文献
105.
Blends of statistical copolymers containing ethylene/hexene (PEH) and ethylene/butene (PEB) exhibited the behavior of upper critical solution temperature (UCST). The interplay between the early and intermediate stage liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and crystallization of the PEH/PEB 50/50 blend was studied by time-resolved simultaneous small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) techniques. Samples were treated by two different quench procedures: in single quench, the sample was directly quenched from 160 °C to isothermal crystallization temperature of 114 °C; while in double quench, the sample was firstly quenched to 130 °C for 20 min annealing, where LLPS occurred, and then to 114 °C. It was found that in the early stage of crystallization, the integrated values of Iq2 and crystallinity, Xc, in the double quench procedure were consistently higher than those in the single quench procedure, which could be attributed to accelerated nucleation induced by enhanced concentration fluctuations and interfacial tension. In the late stage of crystallization, some morphological parameters were found to crossover and then reverse, which could be explained by retardation of lamellar growth due to phase separation formed during the double quench procedure. This phenomenon was also confirmed by DSC measurements in blends of different compositions at varying isothermal crystallization temperatures. The crystal lamellar thickness determined by SAXS showed a good agreement with TEM observation. Results indicated that the early stage LLPS in the PEH/PEB blend prior to crystallization indeed dictated the resulting lamellar structures, including the average size of lamellar stack and the stack distribution. There seemed to be little variation of lamellar thickness and long period between the two quenching procedures (i.e., single quench versus double quench). 相似文献
106.
<金银岛>是英国新浪漫主义小说家史蒂文森的代表作之一,其中贯穿着人物角色的二元对立性.对该小说中的二元对立现象进行探讨,认为<金银岛>中不仅包含人物道德立场上的善恶对立,而且还存在着人物行为方式上的浪漫与理性的对立. 相似文献
107.
A series of new polyamides 3a–d containing aryl-azo, ether and sulfone groups in the main chain were synthesized from bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl sulfone]
1 and several azo aromatic diacyl chlorides 2a–d by the low temperature solution polycondensation technique. FTIR spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and elemental
analyses confirmed the structure of these polymers. Owing to the aryl and amide groups in the main chain, these polymers exhibit
photochromic properties as well as excellent thermal stabilities. The transition temperatures (T
g) are between 242 and 265 °C, and the char yields at 800 °C in nitrogen atmosphere were above 39%. Based on incorporation
of flexible ether linkages and polar sulfone groups, the polyamides show desirable solubility in organic solvents such as
DMAc, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N-methyl-2-pyrroidinone (NMP) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). And it is exemplified that
polyamide containing 2 and 2′ substitutes performed better solubility.
Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50572081) 相似文献
108.
109.
摘 要 研究目的:从西方经济学的原理出发,通过对我国土地资源配置中市场失灵和政府失灵问题的分 析,寻求在市场和政府的双重作用机制下土地资源高效配置的实现途径。研究方法:文献资料分析法、比 较分析法。研究结果:在市场经济条件下,单纯地依靠市场或政府,不可能实现我国土地资源的优化配置, 必须将二者结合起来,以规划的宏观调控来弥补和矫正市场失灵的缺陷,但是当前的土地利用规划存在失 效的负面影响。研究结论:应该从加强土地利用规划的政府宏观调控与完善土地市场机制两个途径入手, 实现土地资源的高效配置。 相似文献
110.
The exponential p-moment stability of stochastic impulsive differential equations is addressed. A new theorem to ensure the p-moment stability is established for the trivial solution of the stochastic impulsive differential system. As an application
of the theorem proposed, the problem of controlling chaos of Lorenz system which is excited by parameter white-noise excitation
is considered using impulsive control method. Finally, numerical simulation results are given to verify the feasibility of
our approach.
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10772046) 相似文献