氧化钒制取碳化钒的热力学分析

采用热力学的方法对以五氧化二钒为原料制取碳化钒的工艺过程进行了分析,分析表明:钒氧化物的转化过程中遵守逐级还原理论。钒氧化物碳化过程中,不转化为金属钒,直接转化为碳化钒。在钒氧化物的转化过程中,应尽可能使其转化为二氧化钒。若采用气相还原碳化的方法,可通过调节气体的流量、配比、还原与碳化工艺参数进行质量控制。     

钛合金固态相变的研究进展

综述了近年来国内外学者在钛合金固态相变理论和实验研究方面的进展情况，介绍了几种钛合金固态相变的研究实验方法，并对钛合金中马氏体、硼、亚稳脚分解等相变动力学、晶体学以及组织的演变、形核生长等进行了总结和归纳。     

关于超耐候性BA01—02钛白粉的研制

采用高温淬火方法制备了Ｔｃ在２７．４Ｋ至９２．４Ｋ之间的一组不同氧含量的ＰＭＰ（粉末熔融工艺）法ＹＢＣＯ超导体。通过对这些超导体样品的磁滞回线及不可逆线的研究发现，随着氧空位的增加，超导体的磁通钉扎力减小     

基于自动选取最佳阈值的X光图像快速分割方法*

为实现对数字X光图像进行快速分割,提出一种针对直方图的包络特征进行处理的新方法.该方法采用分水岭算法对数字X光图像的直方图一维信号进行处理.首先计算出图像的直方图,然后对直方图进行形态学滤波,提取出直方图的包络.在此基础上对直方图的包络采用分水岭算法自动提取出最佳阈值.用提取出的阈值进行基于阈值的初步分割,然后进一步采用基于标记的分水岭算法对初步分割的二值图像作进一步分割.通过实验表明,采用该方法可以有效地分割大幅X光图像.     

邻近高耸建筑对小区风环境的影响试验研究

风环境是评价人居生活质量好坏的重要指标,随着国民经济的快速发展,越来越多的高耸楼宇应运而生,这些楼宇会较大程度地改变已有小区的风环境,给小区居民正常生活带来困扰,而当前对该问题的针对性研究还十分匮乏。以长沙通用时代国际社区为研究背景,利用大尺度风洞（10 m×3 m×21 m）对新增高耸建筑后的小区风环境进行了全方位、多工况试验研究,并基于超越概率法对有无新增高耸建筑小区风环境舒适度与危险度进行定量评估。结果表明：城市小区平均风剖面与湍流度剖面指数值要远高于规范值,表明城市小区具有较大的地表粗糙度。新增高耸建筑会显著改变其邻近区域风环境,如高耸建筑对通用时代小区100、200、300 m范围内平均风速分别造成了25%、6%和2%的加速作用,在增加高耸建筑后小区风环境舒适度与危险度超越概率最大值分别增加了2倍和6倍。     

基于沉浸边界法的轴流泵内鱼体运动数值模拟

为精细分析鱼类在水力机械流道中的运动特性,本文以轴流泵为例,采用沉浸边界（immersed boundary,IB）与流固耦合（fluid-structure interaction,FSI）及大涡模拟（large eddy simulation,LES）相结合的方法,对泵内流场及鱼体通过泵流道的运动过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明,在相同雷诺数下计算得到的设计工况扬程系数与实验值误差仅为2.7%,验证了IB-FSI-LES方法适合于模拟轴流泵内部流动。与将鱼体视为流体示踪粒子的常规计算相比,采用IB-FSI-LES方法可以得到鱼体在泵内的复杂运动轨迹,捕捉鱼体与叶片发生碰撞时的运动突变以及叶轮内鱼体周围流场中涡结构的形成和脱落。研究结果可为水利水电工程中鱼类过机损伤精确评估及鱼类友好型水力机械优化设计提供科学依据。     

Curvature effects on electric-double-layer capacitance

Understanding the microscopic structure and thermodynamic properties of electrode/electrolyte interfaces is central to the rational design of electric-double-layer capacitors (EDLCs). Whereas practical applications often entail electrodes with complicated pore structures, theoretical studies are mostly restricted to EDLCs of simple geometry such as planar or slit pores ignoring the curvature effects of the electrode surface. Significant gaps exist regarding the EDLC performance and the interfacial structure. Herein the classical density functional theory (CDFT) is used to study the capacitance and interfacial behavior of spherical electric double layers within a coarse-grained model. The capacitive performance is associated with electrode curvature, surface potential, and electrolyte concentration and can be correlated with a regression-tree (RT) model. The combination of CDFT with machine-learning methods provides a promising quantitative framework useful for the computational screening of porous electrodes and novel electrolytes.     

Concepts,processing, and recent developments in encapsulating essential oils

By the virtue of their olfactory, physicochemical, and biological characteristics, essential oils (EOs) have drawn wide attention as additives in daily chemicals like perfume or personal care products. Nevertheless, they are physicochemically unstable and susceptible to degradation or loss. Microencapsulation offers a feasible strategy to stabilize and prolong release of EO. This review summarizes the recognized benefits and functional properties of various preparation and characterization methods, wherein innovative fabrication strategies and their formation mechanisms are especially emphasized. Progress in combining detecting/measuring technologies with kinetic modelling are discussed, to give an integral approach of controlling the dynamic release of encapsulated EOs. Moreover, new development trends of EOs capsules are also highlighted.     

Review on the effect of heat exchanger tubes on flow behavior and heat/mass transfer of the bubble/slurry reactors

Bubble/Slurry bubble column reactors(BCR/SBCR) are intensively used as multiphase reactors for a wide range of application in the chemical, biochemical and petrochemical industries. Most of these applications involve complicate gas–liquid/gas–liquid–solid flow behavior and exothermic process, thus it is necessary to equip the BCR/SBCR with heat exchanger tubes to remove the heat and govern the performance of the reactor. Amounts of experimental and numerical studies have been carried out to describe the phenomena taking place in BCR/SBCRs with heat exchanger tubes. Unfortunately, little effort has been put on reviewing the experiments and simulations for examining the effect of internals on the performance and hydrodynamics of BCR/SBCR. The objective of this work is to give a state-of-the-art review of the literature on the effects of heat exchanger tubes with different types and configurations on flow behavior and heat/mass transfer, then provide adequate information and scientific basis for the design and the development of heat exchanger tubes in BCR/SBCR, ultimately provide reasonable suggestions for better comprehend the performance of different heat exchanger tubes on hydrodynamics.