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This paper empirically compares the performance of six traffic assignment methods using the same empirical dataset of route
choice. Multinomial logit (MNL), structured multinomial probit (SMNP), user equilibrium (UE), logit-based stochastic user
equilibrium (SUE), probit-based SUE, and all-or-nothing (AON) assignment methods are applied to the comparative analysis.
The investigated methods include those with three types of error components in their cost functions and two types of flow
dependencies. Four methods of generating the route choice set are also compared for use as stochastic traffic assignment methods.
The revealed preference data of urban rail route choice in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area are used for the case analysis. The
empirical case analysis shows that probit-based SUE provides the best accuracy but requires the longest computation time.
It also shows that the heuristics used to generate the choice set influence the method’s accuracy, while the incorporation
of route commonality and in-vehicle congestion significantly improves its accuracy. Finally, the implications for practical
rail planning are discussed on the basis of the analysis results. 相似文献
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Keisuke Kazama Kohei Nishizaki Yuta Shirayama Hiroyuki Furusho Hiroshi Mouri 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2017,18(4):743-750
Lane marker detection is indispensable for a lane-keeping-control algorithm. However, it is impossible to detect lane markers when the curvature of the lane the vehicle is travelling on is large or when there is another car in front of the vehicle with short distance. For lane marker detection, it is desirable to set a preview point close to the vehicle. Therefore, by analyzing the block diagram of driver-vehicle system, we propose a method to reduce preview distance without lane tracking performance deterioration by increasing preview points from the conventional one point to two points. Furthermore, it is revealed that driving along a corner with constant curvature without steady-state deviation and arbitrary design of tracking dynamic characteristics become possible by increasing preview points. 相似文献
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Changhong?HuEmail author Masashi?Kashiwagi 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》2004,9(4):143-157
A CFD model is proposed for numerical simulations of extremely nonlinear free-surface flows such as wave impact phenomena and violent wave–body interactions. The constrained interpolation profile (CIP) method is adopted as the base scheme for the model. The wave–body interaction is treated as a multiphase problem, which has liquid (water), gas (air), and solid (wave-maker and floating body) phases. The flow is represented by one set of governing equations, which are solved numerically on a nonuniform, staggered Cartesian grid by a finite-difference method. The free surface as well as the body boundary are immersed in the computation domain and captured by different methods. In this article, the proposed numerical model is first described. Then to validate the accuracy and demonstrate the capability, several two-dimensional numerical simulations are presented, and compared with experiments and with computations by other numerical methods. The numerical results show that the present computation model is both robust and accurate for violent free-surface flows. 相似文献
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In the previous paper, one of the authors proposed a new time-domain nonlinear strip method for a rigid body, in which hydrodynamic
forces are evaluated by a convolution integral with the memory function computed for the instantaneous submerged part of the
transverse sections, and the Froude–Krylov and hydrostatic forces are evaluated on the instantaneous wetted hull surface.
In this paper, first, that nonlinear strip method is extended for an elastic body using a method of superposition of elastic
mode functions, which enabled us to investigate whipping phenomena due to impulsive large waves. Second, the influence of
different approximations of the pressure above the still-water surface is investigated, and then the results calculated by
the proposed nonlinear strip method are compared with the experimental ones. Third, whipping phenomena observed for an elastic
body at higher Froude numbers are studied through a comparison between computed and measured results. Higher-frequency vibrations
in the vertical bending moment due to slamming are discussed. Furthermore, the wave load due to green water on deck is calculated
by introducing a practical model, and the effects of the green water on responses of both rigid and elastic bodies are investigated. 相似文献