工业化与城镇化融合发展:重庆例证

对重庆市工业化与城镇化进程进行纵向、横向对比,并对工业化与城镇化融合阶段进行定量分析,研究结果表明:重庆市工业化正处于加速发展阶段,产业结构趋于合理;城镇化处于高速发展时期,位列西部地区第2位,但仍低于东部地区;工业化与城镇化融合水平较东部、中部、东北地区协调。重庆市工业化与城镇化融合还面临诸多阻滞因素。推进重庆市工业化与城镇化融合,必须打破城乡二元体制;提高产业丰厚度,发展现代产业体系;推动产城融合,统筹区域产业协调发展;提升推进工业化与城镇化的保障能力;强化推进工业化与城镇化的动力支撑。     

西藏牧区妇女社会地位的变迁——以西藏那曲地区聂荣县为例

民主改革以来,西藏牧区妇女社会地位发生了很大变化,女性在婚姻、生育、家庭、所受教育、所从事的职业等方面,均享有法律赋予的各项权利,展现出新的政治面貌,这是人类文明的进步.     

审计文化建设实证研究——以武鸣县审计局为例

审计文化是审计组织和人员在审计实践中所获得、积累、创造和延续的能力与成果。审计文化是审计事业发展的精神动力和物质基础，是现代市场经济发展对审计提出的更高要求，也是审计适应时代前进步伐的需要。以广西武呜县审计局审计文化建设实证为例，对其进行比较深入的探讨。     

Population statistics] as of January 1, 2000

This table presents the population statistics of Thailand as of January 1, 2000. Thailand has a total population of 61,737,000; 30,726,000 are males and 31,011,000 are females. The urban areas have a population of 18,972,000, while the rural areas have a population of 42,765,000. The population numbers, by region, are the following: northern, 12,117,000; northeastern, 20,164,000; southern, 7,957,000; central (excluding Bangkok Metropolis), 13,654,000; Bangkok Metropolis, 7,845,000. Children (under age 15) numbered 14,764,000; labor force participants (ages 15-59), 41,647,000; the elderly (ages 60-79), 4,974,000; those aged 80 and above, 352,000; the school-age population (ages 6-21), 16,703,000; reproductive-age women (ages 15-44), 16,697,000; and the voting population (ages 18 and over), 43,691,000. The crude birth rate (per 1000 population) is 16.4, and the crude death rate is 6.5. Thailand has a natural growth rate of 1.0% and an infant mortality rate (per 1000 live births) of 22.4. Life expectancy at birth among males and females is 69.9 and 74.9, respectively. The total fertility rate is 1.9/woman, the contraceptive prevalence rate is 72.2%, and the ratio of females per 1 male is 1.0 for ages 0-59, 1.1 for ages 60-79, and 2.0 for ages 80 and over.     

Lessons from the ‘made in Switzerland’ study: What makes a world-class manufacturer?

Many executives are currently striving to develop world-class manufacturing operations to ensure that they remain competitive in increasingly global markets. To do this, they are adopting a range of practices, from organisational changes such as empowerment and teamwork to the use of techniques such as pull production. Their goal is to substantially improve performance: faster cycle times, reduced manufacturing costs and greater customer satisfaction.The question of how far companies have moved towards world-class manufacturing is at the heart of the ‘Made in Switzerland’ project, a major benchmarking study of Swiss manufacturing practice and performance. The study was carried out in 1995 by IMD faculty and researchers working with consultants from IBM Switzerland. It is part of the internationally-based ‘Made in Europe’ project comprising similar studies in the UK, Germany, The Netherlands and Finland.The central hypothesis of the studies is that the adoption of best practice leads to high performance. The objective is to establish a benchmarking database for participating manufacturers around the world. The studies, which are highly structured, examine six areas of manufacturing practice and performance in detail and assess the relationship between them at individual plants. The areas covered in the study are quality, organisation and culture, concurrent engineering, logistics, lean production and manufacturing systems.Plants in each country are grouped according to their position on the practice and performance indices and then studied in order to pinpoint the issues and challenges facing the manufacturers within that group. Less than three per cent of the 800 plants currently on the ‘Made in Europe’ database are considered ‘world-class’. Yet for manufacturers striving to reach this level of performance, this small minority can provide some valuable insights for the way ahead.This article discusses many of the issues raised by the analysis described above, with particular reference to the ‘Made in Switzerland’ study. In the first section, it looks at the key lessons arising from the Swiss study and what insights these can provide for manufacturers, not only in the Swiss market, but across Europe. In the second section, it looks at how the study can be used for benchmarking and provides manufacturers with some general recommendations to help them focus their improvements and move closer to becoming world-class.     

Food security, consumption diversification and foreign exchange balances in Indonesia: Results from a multi-commodity simulation

Many countries adopt economic development strategies, within which an important element is the maintenance of low and stable food prices. In Indonesia, this is achieved principally through government subsidies to consumers of imported rice, the total cost of which fluctuates considerably from year to year, depending on world price movements and domestic production performance. Higher and possibly less stable domestic food prices appear inevitable in Indonesia, however, as the spectre of reduced oil revenues increases the government's concern with the cost of its food policy. Results from a stochastic simulation model of the agricultural sector show that the food price risk to which consumers and producers would be exposed in the absence of the stabilizing component of Indonesia's food policy would be considerable, rendering this component an unlikely area for significant change. A viable policy option appears to be the continuance of rice and wheat price stabilization, but with a graduated increase in the relative price of rice, reaching a total of 10% by 1985. Such a policy could result in net self-sufficiency in foreign exchange from staple food trade by 1990 and an improvement in aggregate economic surplus, although the expected decade improvement in food-energy consumption per capita would fall from 10% to 8%.     

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中国金融风险与经济稳定发展

 在本项研究中，金融风险是指宏观层次上的风险，是指引发整个金融系统出现严重动荡不稳的可能性，诸如存款挤兑、金融企业倒闭、汇率急剧波动、恶性通货膨胀等等。金融风险的不断增大已经成为我国经济中突出问题，进一步发展下去将会对我国经济的持续稳定发展构成严重威胁。如何采取有效措施，尽快化解我国经济中的金融风险，已成为当前迫切需要解决的问题。