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91.
92.
Pursuing optimal solutions for large scale transmission network planning problems is a formidable task due to their combinatorial nature and also due to the nonconvexities involved. Successful approaches using hierarchical Benders decomposition incur in a high computational cost mainly due to the need to solve a large integer program (the investment sub-problem) for every Benders iteration. In this work the authors propose to use heuristics within the decomposition framework, therefore avoiding to solve to optimality each integer sub-problem. The global computational effort is substantially reduced, and allows coping with large problems that would be intractable using classical combinatorial techniques. Case studies with the 6 bus Garver test system and a reduced Southeastern Brazilian power network are presented and discussed 相似文献
93.
Taking into consideration a study published 10 years ago on sexual disturbances of students at the University of S?o Paulo, the importance of the subject is discussed, along with the creation in 1993 of the Sexuality Project at the university hospital of the University of S?o Paulo School of Medicine. In its first year, this multidisciplinary project attended 140 patients with sexual dysfunctions (associated or not to other clinical manifestations); the majority were younger than 60 years-old, and 80 percent were male. 相似文献
94.
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96.
Antonio M. Locci Roberto Orrù Giacomo Cao Zuhair A. Munir 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2006,89(3):848-855
The simultaneous synthesis and densification of dense TiC–TiB2 composite has been investigated starting from Ti, B4 C, and C as reactants, and using the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. The optimal conditions for complete conversion of the reactants to the composite were determined for different applied DC current levels. A kinetic investigation performed allows us to conclude that solid-state diffusion is the mechanism governing the synthesis process. It is seen that TiC is the first phase formed, while TiB2 formation occurs afterward. Two intermediate boride phases, i.e. TiB and Ti3 B4 , are also formed but, as the SPS holding time was augmented, they were gradually and completely converted to TiB2 . Moreover, it is found that in order to reach relatively high dense products, an electric current needs to be applied for time intervals longer than those required for obtaining complete conversion. A pure dense product (relative density ∼98%) was obtained when an electric pulsed current of 1100 A and a mechanical pressure of 20 MPa were applied for about 4 min. 相似文献
97.
Oscar A. Garro Emilio Rodríguez Roberto Palacios Unda Danley A. S. Callieri 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》1995,63(4):367-373
The kinetics of alcoholic fermentation of a strain of Zymomonas mobilis, isolated from sugarcane juice, has been studied with the objective of determining the constansts of a non-structured mathematical model that represents the fermentation process. Assays in batch and in continuous culture have been carried out with different initial concentrations of glucose. The final concentrations of glucose, ethanol and biomass were determined. The following kinetic parameters were obtained: μmax, 0·5 h?1; Ks, 4·64 g dm?3; Pmax, 106 g dm?3; Yx/s, 0·0265 g g?1; m, 1·4 g g?1 h?1; α, 17·38 g g?1; β, 0·69 g g?1 h?1. 相似文献
98.
José Vicente Calvano Antônio Carneiro de Mesquita Filho Vladimir Castro Alves Marcelo Soares Lubaszewski 《Microelectronics Journal》2002,33(10):823-834
This work presents a method for synthesizing testable continuous-time linear time-invariant electrical networks using 1st order blocks for the implementation of analog linear circuits. A functional-structural fault model for the block, and a fault dictionary are proposed together with a simple set of test vectors. The method allows, also, the fault grade evaluation for the modeled faults. The results obtained from the two application examples have shown the suitability of the approach as a design for test method for analog circuits. 相似文献
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100.
Patrick E. Mcsharry Paulo R. C. Ruffino 《Dynamical Systems: An International Journal》2003,18(3):191-200
The asymptotic angular stability of a dynamical system may be quantified by its rotation number or its winding number. These two quantities are shown to result from different assumptions, made about the flow generating the Poincaré map which results from the sequence of homeomorphisms in S l. An ergodic theorem of existence a.s. of the rotation number for non-linear systems is given. The advantages and disadvantages of both the rotation and winding numbers are discussed. Numerical calculations of the distribution of rotation number and winding number arising from different initial conditions are presented for three different chaotic maps. 相似文献