Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 121

The 2000 Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 121 by T. Tamura, with literature cutoff date of July 1,1999 has been updated. The experimental results from various decays and reactions for A=121 mass chain have been compiled and evaluated. The nuclides covered in this evaluation are from ¹²¹Rh to ¹²¹Pr. The data are summarized and presented, together with adopted level schemes.     

Complex changes in the framework of endohedrally Na-doped type II Si clathrates with respect to Na content

Crystal structures of endohedrally Na-doped type II silicon clathrates with variable Na content were refined by Rietveld analysis. Type II Si clathrates have two types of cages: small and large. The large cages were preferentially occupied by Na atoms. Upon occupation by Na in the large cages, the lattice constant of the clathrates decreased slightly. The attractive interaction of the Na atoms in the large cages with a framework that caused displacement of the Na atoms from the center might influence lattice shrinkage. Moreover, in the region where almost large cages contained Na atoms and the small cages were partially occupied by Na, the lattice constant increased with the Na content; however, the relationship between these features was complex. The lattice constant demonstrated a linear relationship with the size of the small cages; however, the enlargement of the small cages was not linear with respect to its Na occupancy, resulting in complex changes in the lattice constant with respect to the Na content. It was inferred that enlargement of the small cages by Na insertion may be dependent on the Na occupancy of neighboring small cages.     

Comparison of organic ligand effects on morphology control between disc-like zeolite L crystals and zeolite A and W crystals

Thin disc-like zeolite L crystals were hydrothermally synthesized in the presence of organic ligands, such as catechol and acetylacetone. Thus, zeolite L crystals with many channel entrances on the surface were obtained. Although it was speculated that the complex formation of the organic ligands with aluminate ion in the reaction gels influenced the formation of the disc-like zeolite L crystals, bis-tris which can form a complex with aluminate ion did not show the same effect on zeolite L morphology as catechol and acetylacetone. So, the influence of ligands on crystal morphology was compared between some types of zeolites. Both catechol and bis-tris increased crystal size of zeolite A and zeolite W. Thus, the ligand effect on crystal shapes of disc-like zeolite L was different from that of zeolite A and zeolite W. Moreover, the ligand effect was also examined under agitation. For zeolite L synthesis with the addition of catechol and acetylacetone, the obtained crystalline phase was changed to zeolite T by agitation. Hence, other than the complex formation of aluminate ion with ligands such as catechol, the heterogeneous distribution of reactants probably played an important role in the formation of the disc-like zeolite L crystals.     

Cellular therapy for myocardial ischemia using a temperature-responsive biodegradable injectable polymer system with adipose-derived stem cells

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Blood grouping of mixed bloodstains using immunocytochemical methods

Immunocytochemical methods to determine the ABO blood group of each blood of mixed bloodstains have been developed. Mixed bloodstains were made on surgical blades and a cedar board. The blades were dipped into blood and then dipped into blood of a different group at intervals of 30, 20, 15, 10 and 5 s. Two drops of blood were dropped on a cedar board and then two drops of blood of a different group were dropped there at the same intervals. The bloodstains were dried for a week. The blood samples were removed from the blades or the cedar board and processed according with a routine histological method. Three serial thin sections were obtained. After deparaffinization, the sections were treated in papain solution for 2 h at 36 degrees C, to unmask antigenic sites on red cell membranes. The labeled streptavidin-biotin (LSAB) and peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) methods were used to detect A and B antigens, and an indirect immunocytochemical method for H antigen. These immunocytochemical methods showed specific immunologic reactions and allowed determination of the blood group of each blood of mixed bloodstains. Further, these methods indicated a possibility to determine who was stabbed first, in cases where two or more victims were stabbed with a single knife.     

Influence of Si species on intergrowth and anisotropic crystal growth of silicalite-1

Silicalite-1 crystals were hydrothermally synthesized from silica gels prepared under different conditions. The influence of the state of Si species in the silica gels and the concentrations of silicate ions and a template agent in the reaction sols on crystal growth of silicalite-1 was examined. The use of silica gels with a high degree of condensation of Si species resulted in the intergrowth of silicalite-1 crystals, whereas a low degree of condensation of Si species led to coffin-shaped crystals. Thus, the degree of condensation of Si species had significant influence on the intergrowth of silicalite-1 crystals. Moreover, at a low silicate concentration, silicalite-1 crystals elongated along the c-axis were obtained. With increasing silicate concentration in the reaction sols, the aspect ratio of silicalite-1 decreased. Furthermore, with decreasing the amount of N(C₃H₇) ₄ ⁺ used as a template agent, the silicalite-1 crystals became larger isotropically. Thus, the growth direction of silicalite-1 crystals was dependent on silicate ion concentration in the reaction sols, but not on N(C₃H₇) ₄ ⁺ concentration.     

In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of CS-834, a novel oral carbapenem

CS-834 is a novel oral carbapenem antibiotic. This compound is an ester-type prodrug of the active metabolite R-95867. The antibacterial activity of R-95867 was tested against 1,323 clinical isolates of 35 species and was compared with those of oral cephems, i.e., cefteram, cefpodoxime, cefdinir, and cefditoren, and that of a parenteral carbapenem, imipenem. R-95867 exhibited a broad spectrum of activity covering both gram-positive and -negative aerobes and anaerobes. Its activity was superior to those of the other compounds tested against most of the bacterial species tested. R-95867 showed potent antibacterial activity against clinically significant pathogens: methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus including ofloxacin-resistant strains, Streptococcus pneumoniae including penicillin-resistant strains, Clostridium perfringens, Neisseria spp., Moraxella catarrhalis, most members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, and Haemophilus influenzae (MIC at which 90% of strains are inhibited, < or =0.006 to 0.78 microg/ml). R-95867 was quite stable to hydrolysis by most of the beta-lactamases tested except the metallo-beta-lactamases from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Bacteroides fragilis. R-95867 showed potent bactericidal activity against S. aureus and Escherichia coli. Penicillin-binding proteins 1 and 4 of S. aureus and 1Bs, 2, 3, and 4 of E. coli had high affinities for R-95867. The in vivo efficacy of CS-834 was evaluated in murine systemic infections caused by 16 strains of gram-positive and -negative pathogens. The efficacy of CS-834 was in many cases superior to those of cefteram pivoxil, cefpodoxime proxetil, cefdinir, and cefditoren pivoxil, especially against infections caused by S. aureus, penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae, E. coli, Citrobacter freundii, and Proteus vulgaris. Among the drugs tested, CS-834 showed the highest efficacy against experimental pneumonia in mice caused by penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae.     

Dynamical Entropy Through Quantum Markov Chains

Classical dynamical entropy is an important tool to analyze communication processes. For instance, it may represent a transmission capacity for one letter. In this paper, we formulate the notion of dynamical entropy through a quantum Markov chain and calculate it for some simple models.     

Second-order distortion of amplified intensity-modulated signalswith chirping in erbium-doped fiber

Second-order distortion produced in an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is investigated theoretically and experimentally. Rate equations for intermodulation products are led by the perturbation method. From numerical calculation, it is shown that optimum combinations of input power to EDFA and signal wavelength exist that give a distortion-free condition, Improvement of the composite second-order (CSO) distortion, which results from the cancellation of the laser distortion and the gain tilt induced distortion, was confirmed for VHF multichannel transmission. Furthermore, CSO distortion-free transmission in cascaded EDFA's has been demonstrated for a 42-channel AM-SCM signal by experimentally determining the optimum operating condition of the EDFA such that each amplifier generates no additive distortion