A Rapid Method for the Evaluation of Emulsion Stability of Non-Dairy Creamers

A rapid method based on the Lowry protein assay was developed for the determination of the emulsion stability of nondairy creamers in a model system. The method used the detergent and crystallization properties of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate to solubilize the casein present in the creamers. Increasing concentrations of the divalent cations Ca⁺⁺ and Mg⁺⁺ resulted in an increasing degree of emulsion breakdown in a commercial nondairy creamer. Significant differences in the emulsion stability of five commercial nondairy creamers were also demonstrated with this method.     

INCIDENCE OF AFLATOXIGENIC ISOLATES OF ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS/PARASITICUS OBTAINED FROM GEORGIA CORN PROCESSING PLANTS

Two corn processing facilities within Georgia were evaluated in order to determine the incidence of Aspergillus flavus or A. parasiticus within the plant and in corn harvested and processed in 1984 and 1985. Conidia of A. flavus/parasiticus were found in all corn samples evaluated as well as in settled dust samples taken within these processing facilities. Isolates were obtained by using the differential/selective medium Aspergillus flavus/parasiticus agar. Upon subsequent culture only 55% of the selected isolates were confirmed as belonging to A. flavus/parasiticus group. Some of these isolates were randomly chosen and their ability to produce aflatoxins B₁, B₂, G₁, or G₂ evaluated. Thirty-two percent of the A. flavus/parasiticus isolates cultured for aflatoxin production were found to be aflatoxigenic.     

SOCIAL INTERACTION IN MIXED‐INCOME DEVELOPMENTS: RELATIONAL EXPECTATIONS AND EMERGING REALITY

ABSTRACT: In many cities, public housing has come to exemplify concentrated urban poverty and the social problems associated with it. One major policy response to addressing these problems is the demolition and redevelopment of public housing complexes as mixed‐income communities. Several theoretical propositions that lie behind this policy are based on assumptions about the ways in which living among higher‐income residents can lead to relationships and interactions that may benefit poor people. Based on in‐depth qualitative research in two mixed‐income developments in Chicago, this paper explores the dynamics of social interaction in an effort to better understand the processes and factors that influence such interaction on the ground, the differential experience of residents from different backgrounds, and the factors that contribute to their decision‐making about and interpretation of social relations with their neighbors. This analysis helps to better interpret the findings of earlier studies and craft more informed expectations about such interactions and their likely effects.     

Optimal adjustment strategies for a process with run-to-run variation and 0–1 quality loss

As short run manufacturing becomes more prevalent, run-to-run components of variation, such as that contributed by set-up error, have greater potential to crucially affect product quality. While efforts should be made to eliminate such between-run variance contributing factors, some will always be present. Here, we assume there is one such factor which we envisage as set-up error that, unless the process is adjusted, remains fixed throughout a run. We develop a single adjustment strategy based on taking a sample of fixed size from the process. If a significant set-up error is indicated, a single compensatory adjustment, equal to the predicted process offset, is executed. The actual procedure depends on process parameters, including adjustment error, run size, and adjustment and sampling costs. The procedure not only specifies the adjustment amount, if any, but the time during the run at which to adjust. The procedure is, optimal among all fixed sample size procedures for the chosen cost function. Besides incorporating adjustment and sampling costs, the cost function is based on a 0-1 loss criterion, where the loss is 0 (1) units per item produced if the process offset caused by set-up error is less than or equal to (greater than) a specified amount. Tables are provided, with examples, illustrating the procedure for representative values of process parameters, costs, and run sizes.     

Agar-Gel Immunodiffusion Test for Rapid Identification of Pollock Surimi in Raw Meat Products

A test for the rapid identification of raw pollock surimi (TRIPS) was developed. This was an adaptation of previously developed field screening agar-gel immunodiffusion tests for speciation of meat products. It was specific for Alaska pollock surimi at 2% concentration and other surimis at higher concentrations, showed detectable sensitivity to surimi in meat at 2–4%, and was 100% accurate in detection in laboratory trials.     

X100试验管线钢管的规范和生产

介绍了位于英国诺林伯利亚,钢管直径1 219 mm(48 in),输气压力18 MPa(180 bar),由英国BP公司承建的X100试验管线的建设概况.根据X100试验管线的设计参数制定了相应的钢管规范,设计了X100管线钢管母材、焊缝金属和热影响区的合金成分.按设计的合金成分由住友金属鹿岛钢铁厂生产了钢材、钢板,并...     

Dynamic Analysis of Low-Rise Buildings on Microcomputers

An analytical model for dynamic response analysis of low-rise steel frame buildings on microcomputers is described. The model consists of an assemblage of planar frames with either braced or moment resisting connections. All but the frame lateral degrees of freedom are removed using static condensation prior to assemblage of the overall model. Floor diaphragms are modeled as either flexible or completely rigid in their own planes. Linear elastic behavior is assumed in the model and time-history dynamic analysis is performed using the mode-acceleration method. A FORTRAN computer program was written to implement the model on a microcomputer and a sample analysis of an actual building is presented to illustrate its use. The program was envisioned as a simplified analysis and design tool which could aid a designer in investigating a proposed structure or in rehabilitating an existing one for lateral forces.