WHOLE SOYBEANS AS A MEANS OF INCREASING PROTEIN AND CALORIES IN MAIZE-BASED DIETS

Studies have indicated that one factor responsible for protein-calorie malnutrition in children is the deficiency of good-quality protein and calories in their habitual diets. Previous investigations attempted to solve the problem by means of supplementation with good-quality protein, but this research has not considered direct correction of the calorie deficit. Thus studies were carried out to improve both the protein quality and calorie content with a single food: soybean, added and processed together with maize. Two types of food preparations were studied: tortillas made from 85% maize and 15% whole soybeans (processed together by the lime-cooking treatment used for maize) which when compared to the usual one, had a higher protein and calorie content, and was very acceptable in both appearance and taste. Higher levels of soybean mixed with maize were also tested to develop food preparations with higher concentrations of both calories and protein. These were also processed by the lime-cooking treatment. From these tests a mixture of soybean and maize in the proportion 28g soybean to 72g maize gave a food preparation with 18% protein, 10% fat and a high-protein quality as measured by its PER. The use of higher soybean levels did not improve protein quality, and the yields of the resultant products decreased.     

Mechanisms for oliguria in acute renal failure

Equations previously developed to describe the enterohepatic circulation of the major biliary bile acids in man (Gastroenterology 67:887, 1974) were modified in order to predict the effect on biliary bile acid composition and pattern of amino acid conjugation after prototypic perturbations of the enterohepatic circulation in man. For the steroid moiety, the effects of bile acid feeding, increased recycling frequency, decreased intestinal conservation, and increased dehydroxylation were simulated. For the glycine or taurine moiety, the effect of increased deconjugation or preferential loss of one of the amino acid moieties was simulated. For the steroid moiety, the steady state biliary bile acid composition reflects the balance between input and conservation for each bile acid. Similarly, the distribution of bile acids between glycine and taurine conjugates reflects the balance between conjugation and conservation for each amino acid moiety. Because these values may vary widely and independently, analysis of biliary bile acid composition in terms of the steroid moiety or the glycine-taurine ratio per se cannot be used to infer the relative rates of input or conjugation.     

Generalized equations for predicting body density of women

Previous research with women has shown that body composition regression equations derived from anthropometric variables were population specific. This study sought to derive generalized equations for women differing in age and body composition. The hydrostatic method was used to determine body density (BD) and percent fat (%F) on 249 women in 18 to 55 years (X = 31.4 +/- 10.8 yrs) and 4 to 44 %F (X = 24.1 +/-7.2 %F). Skinfold fat (S), gluteal circumference (C) and age were independent variables. The quadratic form of the sum of three, four and seven S in combination with age and gluteal C produced multiple correlations that ranged from 0.842 to 0.867 with standard errors of 3.6 to 3.8 %F. The equations were cross-validated on a different sample of 82 women with similar age and %F characteristics. The correlations between predicted and hydrostatically determined %F ranged from 0.815 to 0.820 with standard errors of 3.7 to 4.0 %F. This study showed that valid generalized body composition equations could be derived for women varying in age and body composition, but care need to be exercised with women over an age of forty.     

Brugia malayi in a cervical smear

A microfilaria, identified as that of Brugia malayi, was found in a routine cervical smear from a healthy, 38-year-old female Malaysian aborigine.     

Operations in concomitant diseases of the abdominal organs

Under consideration are one-moment operations for associated lesions of abdominal organs. Based on the experience with 103 such operations, the authors subdivided patients into two groups: emergency operated patients and those in whom planned interventions were performed. It is believed by the authors, that a careful clinical preoperative examination of the latter and methodical revision of abdominal organs in urgent laparotomies make it possible to reveal an associated pathology of abdominal organs and to perform a radical one-moment operative procedure.     

Regulation of spore-formation in Streptomyces galbus mutants

Some asporogenous strains of Streptomyces galbus recover the capacity to form aerial mycelium and spores when they are grown together with the parent sporulating strain under the conditions of superficial cultivation. The sporulating strain of Str. griseus that produces the A factor, a bioregulator, does not restore sporogenesis in asporogenous variants of Str. galbus, in contrast to Str. griseus. Therefore, Str. galbus must liberate a specific compound which controls spore formation in this species.     

Arginine deprivation in KB cells. II. Characterization of the DNA synthesized during starvation

DNA synthesis in cells deprived of arginine was examined. Three lines of evidence indicated that tritiated thymidine ([3H]TdR) incorporation in arginine-starved cells was due to replicative rather than repair DNA synthesis. (a) When made in the presence of bromodeoxyuridine, the [3H]TdR-labeled DNA sedimented at hybrid density in isopycnic gradients. (b) As determined by the diphenylamine reaction, there was a 15% increase in the chemical amount of DNA per culture 30 h after arginine deprivation. (c) [3H]TdR incorporation was hydroxyurea-sensitive. Alkaline velocity sedimentation of the total DNA made during starvation revealed the existence of two distinct size classes: most of the DNA sedimented at a position analogous to that of control DNA, but 40% migrated one-third the distance of the bulk. After arginine restoration, these shorter pieces appeared to be chased into DNA of normal length; thus, one lesion in deprived cultures may cause an arrest in completion of DNA stretches to mature size. These findings, together with results of morphological studies of starved cells, suggest that changes induced by arginine deficiency effect the organization of nucleoproteins. These changes are reversible upon arginine restoration.     

Analysis of pesticide residues by chemical derivatization. V. Multiresidue analysis of eight phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides in natural waters

A multiresidue method is presented for the gas-liquid chromatographic determination of phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides in natural waters. Extraction efficiencies of different organic solvents are considered in developing a solvent extraction scheme for these herbicides from water. Reactions for derivatizing these compounds by using pentafluorobenzyl bromide, boron trichloride-2-chloroethanol, and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-2-chloroethanol were studied in order to obtain extracts with low blanks to provide the lowest detection limits. Advantages and disadvantages of the 3 methods are discussed. Retention times are twice as long for the pentafluorobenzyl (PFB) esters as for the 2-chloroethyl (2-Cl) esters under the same conditions, although electron capture sensitivity to the former was greater. The PFB esters are easier to form, but the 2-Cl reaction is more specific for these herbicides. Solutions from the boron trichloride reaction gave the cleanest blanks.