Implementation of a vector quantization codebook design technique based on a competitive learning artificial neural network

We describe an implementation of a vector quantization codebook design algorithm based on the frequencysensitive competitive learning artificial neural network. The implementation, designed for use on high-performance computers, employs both multitasking and vectorization techniques. A C version of the algorithm tested on a CRAY Y-MP8/864 is discussed. We show how the implementation can be used to perform vector quantization, and demonstrate its use in compressing digital video image data. Two images are used, with various size codebooks, to test the performance of the implementation. The results show that the supercomputer techniques employed have significantly decreased the total execution time without affecting vector quantization performance.This work was supported by a Cray University Research Award and by NASA Lewis research grant number NAG3-1164.     

普通砂型铸造中球铁件冒口的CAD

根据球铁件凝固原理，对常用湿砂铸型中制造球铁件，用计算机完成控制压力冒口的设计，流程框图适于各工厂和车间之用。     

Localization of interferon-gamma and Ia-antigen in T cell line-mediated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

This study reports the cellular localization of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and MHC class II antigen (Ia) in the spinal cord of rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced by adoptive transfer of myelin basic protein-specific T cells. Numerous IFN-gamma-positive cells, stained with two different monoclonal antibodies against IFN-gamma, were present from days 3 to 7 after cell transfer. Their number was greatly reduced on day 10. A subpopulation of T cells was IFN-gamma positive. Moreover, a large number of ED1-positive macrophages contained IFN-gamma immunoreactivity. The transient presence of immune cells containing IFN-gamma immunoreactivity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis suggests a pathogenic role of this cytokine in immune-mediated demyelination of the central nervous system.     

Prediction of evaporation heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop of refrigerant mixtures

A study on the prediction of heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and pressure drop of refrigerant mixtures is reported. HTCs and pressure drops of prospective mixtures to replace R12 and R22 are predicted on the same cooling capacity basis. Results indicate that nucleate boiling is suppressed at qualities greater than 20.0% for all mixtures and evaporation becomes the main heat transfer mechanism. For the same capacity, some mixtures containing R32 and R152a show 8.0–10.0% increase in HTCs. Some mixtures with large volatility difference exhibit as much as 55.0% reduction compared with R12 and R22, caused by mass transfer resistance and property degradation due to mixing (32.0%) and reduced mass flow rates (23.0%). Other mixtures with moderate volatility difference exhibit 20.0–30.0% degradation due mainly to reduced mass flow rates. The overall impact of heat transfer degradation, however, is insignificant if major heat transfer resistance exists in the heat transfer fluid side (air system). If the resistance in the heat transfer fluid side is of the same order of magnitude as that on the refrigerant side (water system), considerable reduction in overall HTC of up to 20% is expected. A study of the effect of uncertainties in transport properties on heat transfer shows that transport properties of liquid affect heat transfer more than other properties. Uncertainty of 10.0% in transport properties causes a change of less than 6% in heat transfer prediction.     

Taking the challenge of multiple access for third-generationcellular mobile radio systems-a European view

In Europe, the challenge of the design of third-generation cellular mobile radio systems has been taken numerous research and development activities in this field have been started. The authors try to give an overview of the European activities in this field. The article is organized in two parts. In the first part, the requirements for third-generation cellular mobile radio systems such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) and Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunications System (FPLMTS), which has been named International Mobile Telecommunications after the year 2000 (IMT-2000) are presented concisely. Also, the importance and challenge of the multiple access design for such third-generation cellular mobile radio systems is explained. In the second part, numerous European research activities with focus on the multiple access design for third-generation cellular mobile radio systems are reviewed     

Energy release rates of crack kinking by boundary condition sensitivity analysis

The energy release rate, which is the total derivative of the energy with respect to crack length, is recognized as corresponding to the shape sensitivity analysis with the crack length change represented by the tangential component of design velocity. In this paper the sensitivity formula recently developed for a changing boundary condition has been further extended to cover crack kinking under mixed mode loading. Due to difficulty in defining the velocity field at the corner, the energy release rate at the onset of crack kinking is obtained by extrapolating the energy release rates for finite length kinked cracks. A rectangular plate with a single edge slant crack under uniform tension is taken as a numerical example. The multi-region technique in the numerical implementation of the boundary integral equation is adopted to consider the asymmetry of the problem. Excellent accuracy is observed as compared with reference analytic solutions.     

Effect of bulk flow pulsations on film cooling with compound angle holes

Experiments are conducted to investigate the effects of bulk flow pulsations on film cooling with compound angle holes. A row of five film cooling holes is considered with orientation angles of 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° at a fixed inclination angle of 35°. Static pressure pulsations are produced by an array of six rotating shutter blades, which extend across the span of the exit of the wind tunnel test section. The pulsation frequency is fixed at 36 Hz, but changes in the time-averaged blowing ratios of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 produce three different coolant Strouhal numbers, 3.6, 1.8 and 0.9, respectively. Detailed film cooled boundary layer temperature distributions are measured by a cold wire and the adiabatic film cooling effectiveness by thermochromic liquid crystal (TLC). The boundary layer temperature surveys show that pulsations induce large disruptions to the boundary layer temperature distribution and the film coverage. As the orientation angle increases, the injectant concentration spreads further into the spanwise direction because of pulsations than the steady case. With pulsations the adiabatic film cooling effectiveness value decreases regardless of the orientation angle. The amount of reduction, however, depends on the orientation angle in such a way that the larger the orientation angle is, the smaller the reduction is.     

Analysis and design of synchronous permanent-magnet planar motors

The force equation of a synchronous permanent-magnet planar motor (SPMPM) was investigated. The flux density distribution of a two-dimensional (2-D) magnet array for a SPMPM was obtained by solving the equations of the scalar magnetic potential. The expressions of the force and back-EMF constant were derived and examined. Using these expressions, the conditions for normal operation of the SPMPM were found and the optimal design was determined in order to maximize the force of the SPMPM.