基于IFS确定性迭代算法的麦粒分形组织设计法

针对L系统在绘制织物分形组织图方面存在的局限,运用IFS的确定性迭代算法生成规则,结合计算机图形方法,提出了一种分形组织图的纹织效果设计方法。该设计方法以复杂变化组织中的麦粒组织为基础组织,基于IFS生成具有自相似结构的分形组织图,然后选择不同形式的组织为填充组织,从而获得具有特殊纹理效果的分形织物组织图。结合纺织CAD技术,借助电子提花机进行了相应的组织织造实验,对设计形成风格新奇的织物组织的新方法进行了初步的探讨。     

Inhibition of DNA polymerase λ by glucosyl compounds from soybean (Glycine max L.) and their associated inflammatory activity

During the screening of selective DNA polymerase (pol) inhibitors, we isolated two glucosyl compounds, a cerebroside (glucosyl ceramide, AS-1-4, compound 1) and a steroidal glycoside (eleutheroside A, compound 2) from soybean (Glycine max L.). Compounds 1 and 2 selectively inhibited the activity of eukaryotic pol λ in vitro, with IC₅₀ values of 12.2 and 9.1 μM, respectively. These compounds did not influence the activities of other eukaryotic pols including those from the A-family (pol γ), B-family (pols α, δ and ε), and Y-family (pols η, ι and κ), and also showed no effect on the activity of pol β which is of the same family (X) as pol λ. The tendency for in vitro pol λ inhibition by these compounds showed a positive correlation with the in vivo suppression of TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate)-induced inflammation in mouse ear. These results suggest that these glucosyl compounds from soybean may be useful for their anti-inflammatory properties.     

Electrical properties of hydrocarbon‐derived electrolytes for supercapacitors

The paper evaluates the essential electrical properties—capacitance and equivalent series resistance (ESR)—of hydrocarbon‐derived electrolytes for supercapacitors using galvanostatic, constant resistance charge–discharge, cyclic voltammetry, and AC impedance measurements. The electrolytes were systematically prepared from six hydrocarbon‐derived compounds, which have different carbon chains and functional groups, with the treatment of concentrated sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄). Both electrical properties seem to be in conformity throughout these measurements, with the longer main carbon chain compounds giving higher capacitance and lower ESR values. Comparison between these electrolytes and the typically used aqueous solutions in supercapacitor research—1M H₂SO₄, 5M potassium hydroxide, and 5M sodium hydroxide—showed that the produced electrolytes give the highest capacitance value up to 30 times more than that of typical aqueous solutions. It is believed that with further treatment these hydrocarbon‐derived electrolytes can potentially be used in supercapacitors as better performing electrolytes than aqueous solutions and at a relatively low cost compared to organic solutions. IEEJ Trans 2011 DOI: 10.1002/tee.21802     

Preparation of spherical macroporous silica in an aerosol phase

Macroporous silica (MS) and macro/mesoporous silica (MMS) were prepared by spray drying a polystyrene (PS) latex sol containing a silica source, followed by calcination. As a silica source, 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APS) was used for MS while either silica sol (SS) or tetraethoxyothosilicate using P123 templating (P123-TEOS) was used for MMS. Spray drying and calcination could also take place in a once-through aerosol reactor. The transformation of the silicon alkoxides to silica and decomposition of PS occurred at similar temperatures. Therefore, for APS-originated MS, the metal additives such as silver and nickel were required to accelerate the former. In addition, the nickel was well dispersed in the silica matrix during calcination even at 800 °C, in turn to thermally stabilize the porous structures. The wall-preforming additives were unnecessary for PS/SS and PS/P123-TEOS, since the SS drying and P123 templating, respectively, took place at lower temperature than PS decomposition. The porosities of all the porous silica prepared ranged from 0.54 to 0.57, which were close to the volume fraction of PS in the PS-alkoxides mixture solidified right after spray drying.     

Automated Sequential Injection Method for Determination of Caffeine in Coffee Drinks

An automated sequential injection analysis spectrophotometric assay for the determination of purine alkaloids in coffee drinks was developed. The sample was treated with a carrez reagent for matrix suppression followed by filtration; subsequently, alkaloids were separated from organic acids using a short C18 monolithic column (10 × 4.6 mm). The flow rate of the separation step was 10 μL s^?1 with 10% v/v of methanol as the mobile phase. The sum of alkaloids evaluated as caffeine was detected at 274 nm. The influence of the main parameters affecting the quantification of purine alkaloids was optimized. One sample analysis lasted 15 min when aspirated in triplicate. The linear range was 1–15 mg L^?1, and the determination coefficient (r ²) was 0.9969. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 0.128 and 0.425 mg L^?1, respectively. The repeatability evaluated as the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 3.58% (n = 12, 10 mg L^?1). Under optimal conditions, the method was successfully applied to determine purine alkaloids in different real samples including soluble coffee, coffee from an espresso machine, and brewed coffee drinks.     

Twin-electron biprism

In order to obtain a large deflection angle without increasing the applied voltage to an electron biprism, we have developed a 'twin-electron biprism' (TBP), which is composed of two filament electrodes and a pair of ground plates. The observed interference-fringe spacing revealed that the deflection angle created by a TBP was about twice larger than that by a 'conventional electron biprism'. Also, we have suggested, in a double-electron biprism interferometry, the optimal disposition of a TBP for reducing the intensity of Fresnel fringes recorded in an electron hologram.     

Levels of glutathione and related enzymes in yellowtail fish muscle subjected to ice storage in a modified atmosphere

We investigated the effects of ice storage in a modified atmosphere on levels of glutathione (GSH) and its related enzyme activities, the metmyoglobin to total myoglobin ratio (metMb%), and the K value (a freshness index) of yellowtail fish muscle. GSH in ordinary muscle (fast skeletal muscle) as well as in dark muscle (slow skeletal muscle) stored in air decreased. GSH in those muscles was almost unchanged during storage when packaged with an oxygen absorber or with an oxygen absorber-CO(2) generator. Glutathione disulfide in each type of packaging remained at low concentrations during storage. The GSH peroxidase activities of ordinary muscle and of dark muscle after 7 d of storage in air were lower than when packaged with the oxygen absorber or with the oxygen absorber-CO(2) generator. The GSH reductase (GR) activities of ordinary muscle at the 4th and 7th day of storage when packaged with the oxygen absorber showed a tendency to be lower than when stored in air. The GR activity of dark muscle in each type of packaging method was unchanged during storage. The packaging method did not influence the K values of either the ordinary muscle or the dark muscle during storage. The metMb% of dark muscle when packaged with the oxygen absorber was lower than in the other types of packaging during storage. Therefore, packaging with the oxygen absorber is an effective method to prevent the loss of GSH in fish meat as well as to reduce the discoloration during storage. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study examined whether modified atmosphere packaging preserves the level of GSH, which is unstable to oxidative stress, in fish muscle. The use of an oxygen absorber for packaging can allow us to take in a sufficient amount of the bioactive compound from fish meat after storage as well as fresh fish.     

Osmoresistant yeast Zygosaccharomyces rouxii: the two most studied wild-type strains (ATCC 2623 and ATCC 42981) differ in osmotolerance and glycerol metabolism

The yeast Zygosaccharomyces rouxii is known for its high tolerance to osmotic stress, which is thought to be caused by sets of specific genes. Relatively few Z. rouxii genes have been identified so far, all of them having homologues in Saccharomyces cerevisiae; none of them was Z. rouxii-specific. Most of the known Z. rouxii genes were isolated from two wild-type strains, ATCC 2623 and ATCC 42981. In this study, we compared these two strains with regard to some of their morphological, physiological and genomic properties. Important differences were found in their salt tolerance and assimilation of glycerol and karyotype; slight differences were also present in their cell morphology. The ATCC 42981 strain showed a higher resistance to salts, higher glycerol production and, unlike ATCC 2623, was able to assimilate glycerol. Under conditions of osmotic stress, the glycerol production in both Z. rouxii strains was much lower than in a S. cerevisiae S288c culture, which suggested the presence of a system that efficiently retains glycerol inside Z. rouxii cells. The karyotype analysis revealed that ATCC 42981 cells contain more chromosomes and have a bigger genome size than those of ATCC 2623.