Neuroimmune aspects of food intake

There is increasing evidence that diet and the nutrients it contains, may affect the function of the enteric nervous and immune systems, which in turn may alter bacterial diversity and function, intestinal motility and physiology, regulation of inflammation and also affect cognitive brain functions such as memory and even some behaviours.     

Coding-based ultra-wideband digital beamformer with significant hardware reduction

We propose a novel transceiver architecture for cognitive sensing. The architecture supports agile beam forming, jamming mitigation, as well as MIMO communications. An essential aspect of the new architecture is its departure from the traditional digital beamforming approaches. Specifically, a single ADC is assigned to a group of array elements instead of having one ADC per element. To facilitate this approach, code division multiplexing is applied to each received antenna signal prior to combining them for digitization using a single ADC. Thus full signal recovery is possible at digital baseband via decoding. The proposed architecture significantly reduces the number of ADCs and I/O channels and hence drastically improves size, weight, area, power and cost of the system with minimal impact on receiver signal-to-noise ratios.     

On the steady‐state error of a nonlinear regulator

This paper proves a new property of the nonlinear regulators that proposed in two previous papers by the second author with co‐workers. In both papers, the steady‐state control is immersed into a linear internal model. In general, the model produces the sinusoidal signals generated by an exosystem, as well as a number of their harmonics, which are induced by the system's nonlinearities. When the internal model does not account for all harmonics or when the model's characteristic frequencies are not exactly those of the exosystem, there will be an error between the steady‐state control needed to achieve zero steady‐state regulation error and the steady‐state control produced by the internal model. If the norm of this error is bounded by a constant δ, it has been shown that the steady‐state regulation error will be of the order O(δ). In this paper, we prove a shaper result where the steady‐state regulation error is shown to be of the order O(μδ), where μ is a design parameter of a continuously implemented sliding mode controller. Therefore, the regulation error can be reduced by decreasing μ. This result allows us to trade off the accuracy of the internal model versus the value of μ as means of reducing the regulation error.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Comparison and characterisation of fat and protein composition for camel milk from eight Jordanian locations

Camel milk was collected from eight locations in Jordan followed by studying molecular characteristics and fatty acids contents. Lactoferrin content ranged between non-detectable amount (Al Hamra and Al Jweideh) and 0.43% of total protein (Al Hazeem). Serum albumin ranged between non-detectable amount (Al Hazeem) and 0.34% of total protein (Wadi Araba). Lactophorin variants A and B were in non-detectable amount in milk collected from Al Khalidyah and Al Hazeem, whereas the highest content of lactophorin was in milk collected from Al Qatrana. Saturated fatty acids content ranged between 50.15% (Al Umari) and 64.12% (Al Qatrana) of total fatty acids. Unsaturated fatty acids content ranged between 35.89% (Al Qatrana) and 49.85% (Al Umari) of total fatty acids. unsaturated fatty acids (C 18:1–C 18:3) varied significantly and ranged between 17.13% (Al Qatrana) and 38.85% (Al Umari) of total fatty acids.     

An advanced fuzzy logic gain scheduling trajectory control for nonlinear systems

This paper investigates a novel fuzzy control approach developed for a class of nonlinear continuous systems. We combine an input–output feedback linearization (IOFL) method and a gain scheduling (GS) approach to obtain a tracking control structure. The latter is mainly based on the reversing trajectory method which allows us to estimate the asymptotic stability region around operating points. Needless to say that the limitation of this analytical approach lies in the challenge of determining the intermediate operating points in order to ensure a smooth transition from actual operating conditions to desired ones. This happens when there is no intersection between successive stability regions. The proposed fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is synthesized in order to determine the intermediate operating points which, in turn, will allows us to online implement the tracking control for nonlinear systems. Finally, the effectiveness of the fuzzy gain scheduling schema is demonstrated through its simulation to a temperature control problem in a CSTR.     

Effect of thermo-mechanical properties of PIM feedstock on compacts shape retention during debinding process

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Phenol Removal from Aqueous Solutions by a Novel Industrial Solvent

This article presents a useful method for the removal of phenolic contaminant from water and wastewaters by a novel industrial solvent using liquid-liquid extraction method. For this purpose, a paraffinic-based solvent (Iso-kerosene) was used. The selected ranges for the parameters were 20–50°C for temperature, 100–500 (mg/L) for phenol concentration, and, 1–6 for aqueous feed pH. In each experiment run, the percentage of extraction was calculated. The percentage of extraction was measured to be in the range of 15–70%. The best percentage of extraction was obtained under the conditions of 100 (mg/L), 50°C, and pH = 6. The results showed that the extraction efficiencies are extremely sensitive to temperature. The ANOVA analysis of the results showed the degree of importance of the parameters and their contribution in the final extraction efficiency as extraction temperature, pH of the feed solution, and feed concentration, with a contribution of 73.47, 24.15, and 0.7, respectively. The contribution of experimental error and F ratios also demonstrated the accuracy of the results.