Effects of COD to Phosphorus Ratios on the Metabolism of PAOs in Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal with Different Carbon Sources

To elucidate the phosphorus removal and metabolism under various COD / P ratio,a sludge highly enriched in PAOs was used to investigate the impacts of COD / P in batch tests under different carbon supply conditions. Acetate,propionate and a mixture of acetate and propionate at a ratio of 3 ∶ 1( COD basis) was used as carbon sources with the COD / P of 20,15,10 and 5. 0 g COD /gP,respectively. The minimum COD / P ratios for complete P removal were found to be 8. 24 g COD /gP for acetate,11. 40 g COD /gP for propionate and9. 10 g COD /gP for the 3 ∶ 1 mixture of acetate and propionate. Converted to a mass basis,all three cases had a very similar ratio of 7. 7 g VFA /gP,which represented a useful guide for operation of EBPR plants to identify possible shortages in VFAs. The trend in PHV accumulation during the anaerobic period along with the decrease of COD / P ratios suggested that,PAOs may use the TCA pathway for anaerobic VFA uptake to maintain the required NADH production with reduced glycogen degradation. During the aerobic phase,the glycogen pool was reduced but remained enough compared to the requirement for anaerobic VFA uptake,and the synthesis and degradation of glycogen was not the inhibition factor of PAOs.     

Fractional Order ［Proportional Integral］ Controllers Parameters Algorithm Based on the Vector Method

In forensic investigations,it is vital that the authenticity of digital evidence should be ensured. In addition,technical means should be provided to ensure that digital evidence collected cannot be misused for the purpose of perjury. In this paper,we present a method to ensure both authenticity and non-misuse of data extracted from wireless mobile devices. In the method,the device ID and a timestamp become a part of the original data and the Hash function is used to bind the data together. Encryption is applied to the data,which includes the digital evidence,the device ID and the timestamp. Both symmetric and asymmetric encryption systems are employed in the proposed method where a random session key is used to encrypt the data while the public key of the forensic server is used to encrypt the session key to ensure security and efficiency. With the several security mechanisms that we show are supported or can be implemented in wireless mobile devices such as the Android,we can ensure the authenticity and non-misuse of data evidence in digital forensics.     

水下火箭弹头部空化流场的数值仿真研究

对火箭弹头部的局部空化流场的研究可作为头部敏感装置安装位置设计和选择的依据。研究了利用RANS(针对定常分析)和LES(针对非定常分析)湍流模型对水下火箭弹弹体头部空化流场进行仿真分析的方法,并与实验结果进行对比验证。通过仿真分析了在零攻角/小攻角下弹体头部周围定常、非定常流场空化区域和不同速度、加速度下空化区的变化;比较了相同空化数下不同速度对空化区域的影响。结果发现,小攻角情况下的火箭弹头部背流面空化流场存在较强的非定常特性,头部流场空化区受到加速度的影响且存在速度比尺效应。     

主动式二维码考勤系统研究

提出了一种新型主动式考勤方式,并给出了一种结合二维码的应用方式.该方法大大节省了硬件支出成本,同时加快了考勤速度.综述了现阶段其他研究成果,并研究了主动式二维码考勤和被动式二维码考勤的区别.     

变截面与等截面管桩复合地基承载特性对比研究

为探讨阶梯型变截面管桩复合地基的承载特性及优点,进行了2组等截面管桩复合地基和3组阶梯形变截面管桩复合地基承载性状的室内大比例模型对比试验。试验结果表明:在相同荷载作用下,阶梯形变截面管桩及其复合地基的沉降明显低于等截面管桩及其复合地基的沉降。在管桩材料用量及所处的地质条件相同的情况下,阶梯形变截面管桩单桩刚度明显大于等截面管桩的单桩刚度。阶梯形变截面管桩桩身强度能较好地与桩身轴力变化规律协调。因此,采用阶梯形变截面管桩能充分利用桩身强度,降低桩基造价。     

土工格栅加筋垫层工作特性分析

通过模型试验结合三维数值模拟的方法,探讨了在软土地基上碎石垫层和加筋碎石垫层的工作特性;分析了不同垫层厚度、土工格栅、格栅层数等参数变化,对碎石垫层和加筋碎石垫层变形模量、竖向应力场、沉降变形的影响。研究结果表明:1)土工格栅加筋垫层应力扩散效果明显强于纯碎石垫层,从而降低了垫层的总体沉降;2)垫层内部应力由底端向顶部发展,当荷载较小时,垫层底部先出现应力集中现象,随着荷载增大,应力集中区域向顶部靠近;3)随着格栅层数的增加,加筋垫层的应力集中区及沉降量的范围有所减小。     

约束高强度Q460钢梁的抗火性能

为了研究约束高强度Q460钢梁的抗火性能,在已有约束钢梁分析理论的基础上,引入残余应力,提出了约束钢梁的抗火性能分析方法,并采用普通强度约束钢梁试验数据对分析方法进行了验证。考虑高强度Q460钢材高温下力学性能参数,利用所提出的方法分析了约束高强度Q460钢梁的抗火性能,并与普通强度Q345钢梁进行了对比。对影响约束高强度Q460钢梁的抗火性能参数进行了分析,包括荷载比、残余应力、轴向约束刚度、转动约束刚度和受火方式等。研究表明:所提出的分析方法准确可靠,高强度Q460钢梁抗火性能与普通强度钢梁具有较大的区别,高强度Q460约束钢梁的抗火性能明显优于普通强度约束钢梁。荷载比、轴向约束刚度、转动约束刚度、受火方式对高强度Q460约束钢梁有较大影响。     

钢管混凝土 Y 形柱抗震性能试验研究

为了检验地铁车站地下大空间结构柱的抗震性能,对北京市某地铁车站公共设备区地下空间结构使用的单层钢管混凝土Y形柱进行低周反复荷载试验研究,主要介绍了缩比试件的设计、制作、安装和试验的方案、进行过程及结果,给出了钢管混凝土Y形柱的水平荷载-位移滞回曲线、骨架曲线、等效刚度曲线和等效阻尼比曲线统计数据,以及部分主要位置的荷载-应变曲线.试验结果及分析表明:Y形铸钢件、圆形截面钢管混凝土柱、顶板等各部分连接安全可靠,能够保证整体结构工作性能良好;试件滞回曲线较饱满,试件等效阻尼比随水平位移的增加而增大,试件耗能规律稳定,表明弹塑性变形能力和抗震性能较好.据实测应变推测,可能的薄弱部分是钢管柱底部、圆钢管与Y形铸钢件连接处和Y形铸钢节点分叉处.     

Analysis and characterization of orientation structure of pre-oxidized PAN fibers in high magnetic fields

PAN fibers pre-oxidized at 240 ℃, 260 ℃, 280 ℃, 300 ℃ were treated in 8 T, 12 T, 16 T high magnetic fields, respectively. The experimental result implied that there were two kinds of magnetic units cyan and carbon-nitrogen heterocycle in pre-oxidized PAN fibers, and the movement of magnetic units resulted in changes of orientation structure of pre-oxidized PAN fibers in high magnetic fields. Overall orientation increased with increase of magnetic field intensity and extension of processing time, whereas change of crystalline orientation depended on magnetic field intensity and content of carbon-nitrogen heterocycle due to the competition of two magnetic units. Furthermore, magnetic fields induced the conversion from amorphous region to crystal region and improved crystalline properties of pre-oxidized PAN fibers.     

Growth characteristics and kinetics of niobium carbide coating obtained on AISI 52100 by thermal-reactive diffusion technique

Niobium carbide coating was produced by thermal-reactive diffusion technique on AISI 52100 steel in salt bath at 1 123 K, 1 173 K, and 1 223 K for 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours. The salt consisted of borax, sodium fl uoride, boron carbide, and niobium pentoxide. The presence of NbC phase on the steel surface was confi rmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Microscopic observation showed that niobium carbide coating formed on the substrate was smooth and compact. There was a distinct and fl at interface between the coating and substrate. The micro-hardness of niobium carbide coating was 2892±145HV. The thickness of coating ranged from 1.6 μm to 14μm. The forming kinetics of niobium carbide coating was revealed. Moreover, a contour diagram derived from experimental data was graphed for correct selection of process parameters. Some mathematical equations were built for predicting the coating thickness with predetermined processing temperature and time. The results showed that these mathematical equations are very practical as well as the kinetics equation.