芝麻的核型与系统演化

对１０份粒色不同的栽培和野生芝麻的染色体组型研究表明，栽培芝麻染色体数目一致，核型基本相同：２ｎ＝２６＝１２ｍ＋１２Ｓｍ＋２Ｓｔ随着粒色的变浅，核型的不对称性加强，有两对随体染色体。野生芝麻核型与栽培芝麻相似：２ｎ＝２６＝１２ｍ＋１２Ｓｍ（４ＳＡＴ）染色体数目有２ｎ＝２６，２ｎ＝３２，２ｎ＝５８或２ｎ＝６４．芝麻可能是由对称核型向不对称核型演化，其趋势为：野生（２ｎ＝２６）－黑粒－褐袜－黄粒－白粒     

用生态经济型植物控制豚草的"绿色污染"

豚草是一种严重危害农业生产、人体健康和生物环境的恶性杂草，是一种典型的“绿色污染”。根据群落演替规律，采用具有生态和经济功能的树种创造不利豚草生长的环境，人为创建多物种和谐共存的植物群落，能降低豚草的种群优势，使单一种群优势转变为良性演替的生态系统。     

茯苓液体培养条件研究及其营养浓缩液的相关检测

研究表明，液体培养条件下，茯苓经0～48h的适应期，48～144h的增殖期后进入稳定期，发酵液pH骤降。经检测，发酵液中含有包括十六烷酸和十八烷酸在内的有机酸；发酵罐培养120h，生物量≥30g/l00mL(鲜重)。茯苓营养浓缩液多糖含量≥5．0mg/mL，氨基酸含量≥480mg/100mL。动物实验证明，茯苓营养浓缩液具有显著的抗疲劳和提高机体免疫力作用，其重金属和微生物指标均符合国家标准。     

毛花雀稗混播草地建植技术初探

试验探讨了建植毛花雀稗混播草地的最佳草种组合和播种量,结果表明,毛花雀稗(30cm×30cm≈7000株)+黑麦草(每667m2为0.5kg)+白三叶(每667m2为0.15kg)在独山气候条件下的生产性能显著高于其他组合。     

嫁接对茄子果实中蛋白质、VC、可溶性糖含量及分布的影响

以托鲁巴姆为砧木、西安绿茄为接穗进行嫁接,研究嫁接对茄子果实中蛋白质、VC、可溶性糖含量及分布的影响。结果表明,嫁接后除可溶性糖含量略低于对照外,蛋白质、VC及果实中的含水量均高于对照。嫁接苗果实中主要营养成分在果实各部位的分布规律基本不变,内果皮中各种养分的含量均高于外果皮,由果实顶部至蒂部各种养分的变化规律不尽相同。随着果实的膨大,嫁接苗果实中主要营养成分的变化规律与对照基本一致。瞪眼期果实中的蛋白质含量较高,进入商品成熟期后,果实中的养分含量基本不变,趋于稳定。     

苜蓿育种几个问题的探讨

在对主要苜蓿遗传资源与遗传特性进行陈述的同时, 重点对苜蓿遗传特性与育种进程的关系、目前常见的育种方法以及苜蓿育种的发展现状进行了阐述,并就近年来我国在苜蓿育种领域内存在的主要问题进行了分析,旨在为今后的苜蓿育种工作提供参考依据。     

兔舍内气载需氧菌和气载葡萄球菌的检测

本研究采用A ndersen-6级空气微生物样品收集器,选用血-葡萄糖-琼脂培养基为采样介质,对两个不同种兔舍环境空气中需氧菌总数和葡萄球菌总数进行了检测,并对葡萄球菌的菌群组成进行了分析。结果表明,两个兔舍内需氧菌含量分别为1.73~85.8×103CFU/m3、2.71~9.66×103CFU/m3空气,葡萄球菌含量分别为0.94~7.84×103CFU/m3、1.02~6.54×103CFU/m3空气。兔舍空气中葡萄球菌主要包括金黄色葡萄球菌、腐生葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、科氏葡萄球菌、头状葡萄球菌和马胃葡萄球菌,其中金黄色葡萄球菌的含量占葡萄球菌总数的26.3%~29.6%,其次是腐生葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌。另外,还对需氧菌和金黄色葡萄球菌在A ndersen-6级收集器不同层级上的分布情况进行了统计分析,结果表明,约有56.4%的需氧菌和49%金黄色葡萄球菌分布在3~6层上,空气动力学直径(A erody-nam ic d iam eter,D ae)在6~0.2μm,它们能进入人、畜的气管、支气管,甚至细支气管,对饲养员和动物的呼吸道构成严重危害。     

Effect of cocaine on caspase-3 in myocardiac cells of male rats in different age

AIM: To study the effect of cocaine on caspase-3 in myocardiac cells of male rats in different age. METHODS: Three-week-old(n=16), six-week-old(n=16) and twelve-week-old (n=16) male Sprague-Dawley rats were all divided into control groups and experiment groups randomly, each group had eight animals, experiment groups were given cocaine hydrochloride (15 mg·kg^-1 body weight) subcutaneously daily for four weeks. The ratio of heart weight to body weight (HW/BW, mg/g) were measured. DNA fragmentation of myocardia cells was determined by gel electrophoresis, and caspase-3 activity in myocardia cells was tested by flow cytometry (FCM). RESULTS: In three experiment groups, the DNA isolated from myocardial cells displayed clear ladder pattern. The HW/BW and the caspase-3 activity were increased significantly than those of control groups (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Cocaine induced apoptosis in rat myocardial cells. The increase in caspase-3 activity may be the one of important pathways related to the induction of apoptosis.     

Effect of Yigu capsule drug-containing serum on apoptosis and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase secretion in rat osteoclasts

AIM:The effects of Yigu capsule on tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) secretion and apoptosis in rat osteoclasts were investigated in order to further explore its mechanism of preventing and treating osteoporosis.METHODS:(1) Twenty-month-old Sprague-daweley rats were randomly divided into two groups(Yigu capsule group and saline group), and the drug-containing serum and control serum were prepared. (2) The newborn Sprague-daweley rat osteoclasts were cultured with different concentrations of Yigu capsule drug-containing serum. At different time point, TRAP activity was measured and the survival osteoclast was counted under reverse microscope.The percentage of osteoclast apoptosis was observed under fluorescence microscope after acridine orange staining.RESULTS:TRAP activity was lower and the percentage of osteoclast apoptosis was higher in drug-containing serum group than in control group at 24, 48 and 72 h(P<0.01), respectively, and the survival osteoclasts were less in drug-containing serum group than in control groups at 24, 48 and 72 h(P<0.01).CONCLUSIONS:These data suggest that Yigu capsule drug-containing serum induces apoptosis and inhibits TRAP activity in osteoclasts, which may be one of the mechanisms of Yigu capsule preventing and treating osteoporosis.     

额尔齐斯河流域生态系统格局及变化

本文首先对额尔齐斯河流域气候，地貌，水文等环境因子特征进行了评述，进而阐述了流域生态系统的特征和格局以及在自然和人为干扰作用下的变化。分析结果表明在自然干扰作用下流域生态系统的格局与流域水文情势变化相适应，处于准稳定变化状态，而在人为对流域水文情势扰动下，流域生态系统的格局间接地受到影响。从而产生新的格局，其作用的强度，持久性和生态系统的格局变化程度过错大于大于自然干扰作用下的变化。引额调水工程对额尔齐斯河流域河谷生态系统内部单元格局变化具有重要影响。