恶性腹水双途径联合化疗的临床疗效评价

目的：评价双途径联合化疗治疗恶性腹水的临床疗效及不良反应。方法：根据瘤细胞类型选择药物，静脉与腹腔联合用药。结果：本方法治疗食管癌、胃癌、原发性肝癌、大肠癌、卵巢癌所致恶性腹水的总有效率依次为‘76．9％、85.l％、27.3％、75.l％和88．9％，腹水平均控制时间分别为46．3、5l.2、60．6、53．7和48．9天，平均生存期分别为13．4、10．8、5.2、ll.6和12.7个月。不良反应发生率，中、高度发热为35．5％，恶心呕吐为100％，轻、中度腹痛为77．7％；白细胞普遍下降，肝肾功能损害不显著。结论：双途径联合化疗是目前治疗恶性腹水有效、可行的一种方法。     

A population-based case-control study of the Arg399Gln polymorphism in DNA repair gene XRCC1 and risk of breast cancer.

XRCC1 (X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1) is a base excision repair protein that plays a central role in the repair of DNA base damage and strand breaks. A common polymorphism (Arg-->Gln) at codon 399 of the XRCC1 gene has been previously linked to functional changes of the gene product and risk of cancers. We evaluated the association between XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism and breast cancer risk in the population-based Shanghai Breast Cancer Study involving 1088 cancer patients and 1182 community controls. Genomic DNA from peripheral blood was used in genotyping assays, and exposure information and anthropometrics were collected through in-person interview. Plasma estrogen and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels were measured for 190 postmenopausal breast cancer patients who had donated a pretreatment blood sample and 407 postmenopausal controls. Conditional logistic regression model was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) adjusting potential confounders. Approximately 27% of controls carried the variant allele (Gln), and cases and controls had a similar distribution for both allele type and genotype of this polymorphism. We found that 7.8% of cases and 6.3% of controls were homozygous for the variant allele, resulting in an OR of 1.20 (95% CI, 0.85-1.69). The OR was slightly higher among younger women [<45 years of age (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.82-2.36)] than older women [> or = 45 years of age (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.68-1.67)], but neither OR was statistically significant. No modifying effect of major breast cancer risk factors, including years of menstruation, body mass index, waist:hip ratio, and blood estrogen levels, was noted. Homozygosity for the variant Gln allele was associated with an elevated risk of postmenopausal breast cancer among subjects with a higher blood level of SHBG (OR, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.16-9.20) and a reduced risk among those with a lower level of SHBG (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.18-1.97). The overall results of the study suggest that Arg399Gln polymorphism of the XRCC1 gene alone may not play a substantial role in the risk of breast cancer among Chinese women.     

肝切除治疗原发性肝癌自发性破裂

目的 探讨肝切除治疗原发性肝癌自发性破裂(简称肝癌破裂)的作用。方法 分析我院1973年以来采用肝切除术治疗肝癌破裂12例的临床资料。结果 本组男10例，女2例。平均年龄42(22—65)岁。11例为急症肝切除术，1例为2期肝切除，包括肝左外叶切除6例，左内叶切除1例，左半肝切除1例，右肝部分切除2例，肿瘤局部切除2例。本组中Child-Paugh肝功能分级A组的11例中无死亡；B组者1例术后死于肝衰，手术死亡率为8．3％。术后生存的1例均获随访，平均生存时间为16．5个月，1，3，5年生存率分别为72．7，18．2％，9．1％。其中1例已无瘤生存25年9个月。结论 肝切除是治疗肝癌破裂的最好方法，当有可能时应争取施行。肝切除治疗肝癌破裂可能使患者获行长时间生存。     

EXPRESSION OF p16,CYCLIN D1 AND RB PROTEIN IN GASTRIC CARCINOMA AND PREMALIGNANT LESIONS

Gastric carcinoma is one of the most serious diseases in mankind. Its pathogenesis has not been understood very clearly. Recent researches suggested that oncogenes (such as cyclin D1), antioncogenes (ie., p16, Rb) and cell cycle played an important role in the pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma. But there are few reports about the relationship between these genes in gastric carcinoma and gastric premalignant lesions. In this study, we will discuss these problems. MATERIALS AND METHO…     

mRNA EXPRESSION OF PTEN AND VEGF GENES IN EPITHELIAL OVARIAN CANCER

VEGF gene, also known as vascular permeability factor, has been mapped to chromosome 6p21.3[11]. Biochemically, it is a heparin binding glycoprotein that has in at least four molecular isoforms, among which, VEGF165 occurs most common. VEGF can act as a specific mitogen for a variety of endothelial cells in vitro and as an angiogenic molecule in vivo [11,12]. VEGF is a potent multifunctional cytokine that exerts several potentially independent actions on the vascular endothelium, includin…     

谷胱苷肽转移酶抑制剂高通量筛选模型的建立和初步应用

谷胱苷肽 - S-转移酶 -π( GST-π)的活性在某些类型的癌症患者中有显著的升高并且在癌症细胞对抗癌药物抗药性的形成过程中起着重要的作用。抑制过量表达的 GST-π酶的活性将有助于克服肿瘤细胞的耐药性 ,因此 ,GST-π被认为是一个潜在的药物作用的靶位点。为了筛选新的抗癌药物的增敏剂 ,我们建立了一个 GST-π酶抑制剂的高通量筛选模型 ,该模型以 CDNB和 GSH为底物 ,在 96 -孔板上通过对 340 nm处吸光度的变化来检测样品对 GST-π酶的抑制活性。经过初筛和复筛 ,从 4 80 0个微生物发酵提取物中筛选到10个阳性样品 ,阳性率为 0 .2 %。     

一氧化氮合酶抑制剂对实验性骨关节炎PGE2的调节作用

目的: 探讨一氧化氮合酶(nitric oxide synthase, NOS)抑制剂在实验性骨关节炎(osteoarthritis, OA)关节滑液中对前列腺素E2(prostaglandin E2, PGE2)的调节作用,为研制针对NO治疗OA的药物提供理论依据. 方法: 采用兔右后腿膝关节伸直位石膏管固定建立实验性OA模型,同时建立对照组,分别给予NOS抑制剂L-硝基精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME)或环氧化酶-2(COX-2)抑制剂塞来昔布, 检测各实验组关节滑液中的NO水平与PGE2的含量. 结果: L-NAME 石膏固定组的NO水平和PGE2浓度, 明显比单纯石膏固定组低,两者的差异有显著的统计意义(P<0.01),而塞来昔布 石膏固定组的NO水平,与单纯石膏固定组NO水平比较,两者的差异没有显著的统计学意义(P>0.05).结论: 实验性OA关节滑液中, NOS抑制剂L-NAME不仅能有效降低OA关节滑液中NO的水平,同时下调PGE2的浓度,而COX-2抑制剂对NO的水平无明显影响.     

HPLC法测定去甲乌药碱的含量

目的:改进去甲乌药碱原料药的HPLC测定方法.方法:采用Alltech公司Apollo Phenyl色谱柱(150mm×4.6mm,5μm),以0.05mo1·mL-1磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 3.0)-乙腈(90:10)为流动相,流速1.0mL·min-1,紫外检测波长284nm.结果:去甲乌药碱在0.01～0.50mg·mL-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 9),最低检测限为0.5ng,日内RSD为0.99%,日间RSD为0.36%,相关杂质与去甲乌药碱分离良好.结论:该方法专属性强,简便快速,结果准确,可用作去甲乌药碱原料药的含量测定.     

脂质体质量控制方法的研究概况

脂质体是近年来发展迅速的一种新型药物输送系统,但由于其质量不易控制,应用于临床的品种极少,绝大部分还处于研究阶段.本文根据脂质体的特点,介绍了几个常用的质量评价指标和质量控制方法,包括粒径及粒度分布、包封率、渗漏率等,并对影响脂质体稳定性的一些主要因素及其稳定性方法进行讨论.     

自愿戒毒患者提前出院的影响因素分析

目的:分析影响海洛因依赖患者自愿戒毒住院时间的有关因素,并提出应对措施.方法:以自拟的问卷对未满规定疗程提前出院的自愿戒毒者在出院时分别由患者自行填写和医生做出评估.结果:患者自填排列前4位的因素是:戒毒成功,身体已无不适;难忍心理渴求;生活单调乏味缺乏自由;生意上事需亲自去操办.医生评估排列前4位的是:难忍心理渴求;戒毒成功,身体已无不适;同伙鼓动、引诱;生活单调乏味缺乏自由.结论:现行自愿戒毒体制存在较大弊端--患者自由度过大,缺乏相应的约束机制.尽快出台有关自愿戒毒的法律、法规,推广自愿戒毒、强制管理戒毒模式.