Distinct expression and localization of serine protease HtrA1 in human endometrium and first-trimester placenta.

Mammalian embryos cannot survive without the placenta. Development of the human placenta requires trophoblast proliferation, differentiation, and invasion as well as highly coordinated modulation of the maternal uterus. HtrA1 is a member of the recently identified mammalian HtrA (high temperature requirement factor A) serine protease family with a high level of expression in the placenta. In this study, we examined whether HtrA1 expression (mRNA and protein) is associated with placental development in the human. HtrA1 is up-regulated in both endometrial glands and decidual cells during endometrial preparation for embryo implantation and during first-trimester pregnancy at placentation. HtrA1 expression was also detected in certain trophoblast subtypes during early pregnancy. The villous syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast showed the strongest expression while the interstitial extravillous trophoblast showed the lowest or no expression of HtrA1. The distinct distribution of HtrA1 at the maternal-trophoblast interface suggests that HtrA1 may play a role in placental development.     

Tandem chromosome fusions in karyotypic evolution of Muntiacus: evidence from M. feae and M. gongshanensis

The muntjacs (Muntiacus, Cervidae) are famous for their rapid and radical karyotypic diversification via repeated tandem chromosome fusions, constituting a paradigm for the studies of karyotypic evolution. Of the five muntjac species with defined karyotypes, three species (i.e. Muntiacus reevesi, 2n = 46; M. m. vaginalis, 2n = 6/7; and M. crinifrons, 2n = 8/9) have so far been investigated by a combined approach of comparative chromosome banding, chromosome painting and BAC mapping. The results demonstrated that extensive centromere–telomere fusions and a few centric fusions are the chromosomal mechanisms underlying the karyotypic evolution of muntjacs. Here we have applied the same approach to two additional muntjac species with less well-characterized karyotypes, M. feae (2n = 14♂) and M. gongshanensis (2n = 8♀). High-resolution G-banded karyotypes for M. feae and M. gongshanensis are provided. The integrated analysis of hybridization results led to the establishment of a high-resolution comparative map between M. reevesi, M. feae, and M. gongshanensis, proving that all tandem fusions underpinning the karyotypic evolution of these two muntjac species are also centromere–telomere fusions. Furthermore, the results have improved our understanding of the karyotypic relationships of extant muntjac species and provided compelling cytogenetic evidence that supports the view that M. crinifrons, M. feae, and M. gongshanensis should each be treated as a distinct species.     

Apoptosis, proliferation and gene expression patterns in mouse developing tongue

The Fgf/Fgfr (Fgf receptor) and Bmp signal pathways are critical for embryonic development and postnatal growth. In order to address their roles in tongue development, preliminary study of expression patterns of some important members in the two families, as well as of apoptosis and proliferation, were carried out in mouse developing tongue. Apoptosis in tongue is a very late event in embryogenesis, restricted to the upper layer of the epithelium whereas proliferation is very vigorous at the early stage of tongue development and remains active throughout embryogenesis. Bmp2, −4 and -5 were localized within the mesenchyme at the early embryonic stage of tongue development (E12 to E13), whereas Bmp3 and Bmp7 were mainly expressed in the epithelium. Most of these molecules were also seen in the tongue muscles at postnatal stages. Among Fgfr isoforms, Fgfr1c, −2b, and -2c were detected in embryogenesis with peak expression at E11 to E13. Fgfr1c and Fgfr2c were localized within the mesenchyme, while Fgfr2b was mainly expressed in the epithelium. High expression of Fgf7 and Fgf10 was also detected in the mesenchyme at the early embryonic stage of tongue development, corresponding to the Fgfr expression, suggesting that they are among the principal ligands functioning at the early embryonic expanding stage. Fgf2 was seen in the tongue muscles at the late embryonic and postnatal stages. These results suggest that Bmp and Fgf signalling regulates tongue development at multiple stages, possibly related to proliferation and differentiation.     

Inhibitory effects of rat alpha2 macroferoprotein (alphaMFP), an acute phase globulin, on galactosamine hepatitis.

Refractoriness to Gal N toxicity occurs especially in fetal rats, newborn rats, and in rats after partial hepatectomy. An injury however (laparotomy, incision on the back or ip BaSO₄ suspension), prior to Gal N administration, also inhibits Gal N toxicity. In all these circumstances high levels of rat α₂-macrofetoprotein (α_MFP) occur. This protein is an acute phase reactant and is identical to rat α₂-macroglobulin. α_MFP isolated from the serum of injured rats and then administered to normal rats strongly inhibits Gal N toxicity. When time interval between the preceding injury, provoking α_MFP production and Gal N administration shortens, the inhibiting effects are less and α_MFP production remains low.During resistance to Gal N, the primary and secondary biochemical lesions of Gal N persist and the protecting effect of α_MFP must be due to another mechanism, operating in later phases of cell injury. Very probably this is attributable to the stabilizing effect on membranes of hepatocytic organelles and the plasma membranes. As α_MFP is an acute phase reactant the importance of these proteins to the course of hepatitis must be considered.     

骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉固定治疗老年退行性腰椎疾病的疗效观察

目的评价骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉固定治疗老年退行性腰椎疾病的近期临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2011年6月~2013年5月采用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉固定结合后路椎体间植入聚醚醚酮(PEEK)材质椎间融合器治疗老年退行性腰椎疾病30例。所有患者术前骨密度检测均符合骨质疏松诊断(超声骨密度值测定-2.5)。结果 30例患者均顺利完成手术,术中无神经及硬膜损伤,骨水泥无严重渗漏,术后复查X线、CT显示骨水泥分布均匀。随访10~21个月,平均(16±2.11)个月,神经受压症状均得到改善。VAS评分术前(7.01±1.44)、术后6个月随访为(3.00±0.57)、末次随访为(2.23±1.19);JOA评分术前为(9.98±5.64)、术后6个月随访为(17.99±1.41)、末次随访为(18.42±1.47);ODI评分术前为(0.64±0.24)、术后6个月为(0.27±0.07)、末次随访为(0.22±0.09)。三项评分术后6个月、末次随访分别与术前对比差异有统计学意义;术后6个月和末次随访对比差异无统计学意义。末次随访时复查X线或CT显示椎弓根螺钉无松动,椎间融合器无下沉,椎间融合满意,融合率为86.7%。结论使用骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉能够提高螺钉对伴有骨质疏松的椎体的握持力,防止椎弓根螺钉松动,保证较高的椎间融合率,是治疗老年退行性腰椎疾病一种安全而有效的手术方式。     

肾综合征出血热病毒特异性双价纯化免疫血清F（ab）2的制备和临床治疗应用

１９８８年至１９９１年对收治的发病５日以内的肾综合征出血热（ＨＦＲＳ）病人应用姬鼠型ＨＦＲＳＶ陈株及家鼠型ＨＦＲＳＶＲ２２株，免疫猪所制备的特异性双价纯化免疫血清Ｆ（ａｂ）２（称Ｆ（ａｂ）２血清），治疗ＨＦＲＳ病人６５例作为研究组，以４４例作为对照组。治疗结果表明：①球结膜水肿渗出减轻，２４小时出血减轻；②白细胞病毒抗原消失迅速；③研究组出院平均早９．１天；④在洽疗后２、４日，对照组的特异性免疫荧光ＩｇＭ抗体明显高于研究组的。⑤其他实验室检测指标都以研究组为优。提纯后的免疫血清Ｆ（ａｂ）２无抗体－介导反应，无副作用及过敏反应。它含有特异性中和抗体及其他免疫因子，可中和清除体内的病毒抗原，减轻病毒血症及毛细血管壁的损伤，阻断病情发展，促进病情恢复。     

Functional interaction of auxiliary subunits and synaptic proteins with Ca(v)1.3 may impart hair cell Ca2+ current properties

We assessed the functional determinants of the properties of L-type Ca(2+) currents in hair cells by co-expressing the pore-forming Ca(V)1.3alpha(1) subunit with the auxiliary subunits beta(1A) and/or alpha(2delta). Because Ca(2+) channels in hair cells are poised to interact with synaptic proteins, we also co-expressed the Ca(V)1.3alpha(1) subunit with syntaxin, vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP), and synaptosome associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP25). Expression of the Ca(V)1.3alpha(1) subunit in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293) produced a dihydropyridine (DHP)-sensitive Ca(2+) current (peak current density -2.0 +/- 0.2 pA/pF; n = 11). Co-expression with beta(1A) and alpha(2delta) subunits enhanced the magnitude of the current (peak current density: Ca(V)1.3alpha(1) + beta(1A) = -4.3 +/- 0.8 pA/pF, n = 10; Ca(V)1.3alpha(1) + beta(1A) + alpha(2delta) = -4.1 +/- 0.6 pA/pF, n = 9) and produced a leftward shift of approximately 9 mV in the voltage-dependent activation of the currents. Furthermore, co-expression of Ca(V)1.3alpha(1) with syntaxin/VAMP/SNAP resulted in at least a twofold increase in the peak current density (-4.7 +/- 0.2 pA/pF; n = 11) and reduced the extent of inactivation of the Ca(2+) currents. Botulinum toxin, an inhibitor of syntaxin, accelerated the inactivation profile of Ca(2+) currents in hair cells. Immunocytochemical data also indicated that the Ca(2+) channels and syntaxin are co-localized in hair cells, suggesting there is functional interaction of the Ca(V)1.3alpha(1) with auxiliary subunits and synaptic proteins, that may contribute to the distinct properties of the DHP-sensitive channels in hair cells.     

高三学生时间管理倾向、自尊与成就动机的关系研究

目的探讨时间管理倾向、自尊与成就动机的关系。方法以青少年时间管理倾向量表（ATMD）、成就动机测量表（AMS）和自尊量表（SES）对高三151名文、理和艺术学生进行了研究。结果①高三学生在自尊上有显著性别差异（P〈0.05）;②高三文、理科和艺术学生在时间价值感（0.020）、自尊水平（0.017）上差异显著（P〈0.05）;③时间管理倾向各因子与自尊、自尊与成就动机两因子、时间管理倾向各因子与成就动机因子（时间价值感与避免失败动机除外）均有显著性相关（P〈0.05）。4时间管理总分和自尊对成就动机有显著的预测。结论高三学生时间管理倾向、自尊与成就动机三者密切相关。     

A novel serine protease of the mammalian HtrA family is up-regulated in mouse uterus coinciding with placentation

This paper characterizes a novel gene, previously identified as uniquely regulated at implantation in mouse uterus. We cloned its full mRNA sequence encoding a serine protease possessing an IGF-binding domain and named it pregnancy-related serine protease (PRSP). PRSP is structurally similar to mammalian HtrA1 (56% amino acid similarity). Northern analysis revealed that the expression of PRSP mRNA was low before pregnancy, but it was increased at implantation and markedly up-regulated post-implantation. In-situ hybridization localized low levels of mRNA expression to the epithelium and stroma during very early pregnancy, but high expression to the decidual cells on day 8.5, primarily at the mesometrial pole where the placenta was forming. By day 10.5, PRSP mRNA was detected in the placenta. We also cloned an alternatively spliced PRSP mRNA that is expressed at a very low level. We located PRSP gene on chromosome 5 and established its intron/exon structure, which unambiguously explains how the two mRNA variants are produced through alternative splicing. Based on PRSP protein domain structure and its unique expression during pregnancy, we propose that PRSP plays an important role in the formation/function of the placenta.