毛细管区带电泳法分离测定铁强化酱油中乙二胺四乙酸铁钠

目的建立利用毛细管区带电泳(CZE)技术分离测定铁强化酱油中的铁营养强化剂乙二胺四乙酸铁钠(NaFeEDTA)的方法。方法在25kV电压下阳极端检测,采用含有30mmolL柠檬酸、20mmolL三羟甲基氨基甲烷(Tris)、0.15mmolL十二烷基溴化铵(CTAB)和0.05mmolL十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的缓冲溶液作为分离介质,254nm紫外检测器检测,样品经稀释后进样分析。结果方法的线性范围广,精密度和准确度高,重复测定(n=6)的相对标准偏差RSD为2.15%,样品平均加标回收率为94.3%～101.2%。NaFeEDTA在铁强化酱油的最低检出限为4μgml(SN=3)。结论使用不同品牌的酱油作为载体对NaFeEDTA的测定没有影响,本方法具有直接、准确、快速、简便等优点。     

苏拉明联合阿霉素对肺腺癌小鼠移植瘤组织中HIF-1α和VEGF表达的调控及意义

目的研究苏拉明联合阿霉素对肺腺癌小鼠移植瘤组织中缺氧诱导因子-1α(H IF-1α)和血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)表达的调控及对移植瘤增殖的影响。方法复制肺腺癌LA795细胞的T739小鼠异体移植瘤模型。40只实验小鼠皮下移植处均成瘤,接种后4d随机分为4组,10只/组。对照组:生理盐水0.2 m l/只,于接种后第4天开始腹腔注射,1次/d,共16次;阿霉素组:阿霉素(2 mg.kg-1.d-1)溶于0.2 m l生理盐水中,于接种后第4,11,18天各腹腔注射1次;苏拉明组:苏拉明(10 mg.kg-1.d-1)溶于0.2 m l生理盐水中,余同对照组;联合组(阿霉素 苏拉明):按阿霉素组和苏拉明组用药。肿瘤接种后24 d,测量小鼠皮下肿瘤最大长径(a)和横径(b),计算肿瘤体积;处死后剥离皮下肿瘤称湿重,收集肿瘤标本固定,用免疫组化和图像分析系统定量检测肿瘤组织H IF-1α、VEGF、微血管密度(MVD)和增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的表达。结果各治疗组肿瘤体积和湿重均低于对照组,其中以联合组最低,差异有统计学意义。苏拉明组和联合组:肿瘤组织中H IF-1α和VEGF的灰度值均高于对照组,MVD的灰度值和PCNA增殖指数均低于对照组;H IF-1α和VEGF的灰度值以联合组最高,MVD和PCNA增殖指数以联合组最低,差异有统计学意义。阿霉素组:H IF-1α和VEGF的灰度值均高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义;低于联合组,差异有统计学意义;MVD低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义;高于联合组,差异有统计学意义;而PCNA增殖指数低于对照组,高于联合组,差异有统计学意义;各组间H IF-1α和VEGF的灰度值与MVD和PCNA增殖指数呈反向变化,直线相关分析显示均呈负相关。结论阿霉素可能协同苏拉明通过抑制H IF-1α和VEGF的表达,从而抑制肿瘤组织新生血管形成和肿瘤细胞增殖。     

口服补液盐在基层医院治疗小儿腹泻病情况调查

目的:了解基层医生对ORS液在小儿腹泻病治疗的作用和用法的认识。方法:以问卷方式调查基层医生对腹泻病治疗的认识。结果:基层医生尚未认识到腹泻病治疗中ORS液的用法以及适应症,接受过学习的医生对ORS治疗腹泻全面认识的正确率明显高于未参加学习的医生。结论:有必要进一步推广ORS液在腹泻治疗中的地位,强调基层医生对ORS应用的认识,定期举办继续教育学习及面向基层的基础培训不失为一种行之有效的方法。     

急性上消化道出血的少见原因及其处理

上消化道出血(upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, UGH)系指Treitz韧带以上的消化道包括食管、胃、十二指肠、胆道和胰管的出血;胃空肠吻合术后的空肠出血亦属此范围。上消化道出血是临床上常见的急症之一,占内科住院病人的2％-3％;其中在短期内失血量超过1000ml或循环血容量减少达20％的     

临床单纯胰腺移植的社会学和伦理学思考

单纯胰腺移植是治疗尚未出现严重并发症的Ⅰ型糖尿病的有效方法,尚未在临床上普及,造成这种情况除了技术方面的原因之外,还包括众多的社会学和伦理学原因,本文就这些问题进行探讨.     

性病诊治中护患关系的伦理学探讨

探讨影响性病诊治中护患关系的伦理学因素,并提出相应的护理对策,以期建立和谐的新型护患关系.护理道德义务、保护性病患者个人隐私、护士的职业进取心、性病患者的疾病知情权等因素是当前影响性病诊疗中护患关系的主要伦理学因素;因此,加强护士的职业道德教育、尊重患者的人格和隐私权、提高自身护理专业水平、普及健康教育等伦理学措施有助于改善护患关系,最终规范性病的诊疗.     

High-Resolution Melting Assay (HRMA) is a Simple and Sensitive Stool-Based DNA Test for the Detection of Mutations in Colorectal Neoplasms

BackgroundStool-based DNA testing for colorectal cancer is becoming a favored alternative to existing DNA screening tests. However, current methods of analysis often become more complicated and costly with increased sensitivity. The high-resolution melting assay (HRMA) is a simple and rapid mutation scanning method with low cost and superb accuracy. In this study, we verified the accuracy of HRMA for screening KRAS/TP53 mutations in stool-isolated DNA from patients with colorectal cancer.Materials and MethodsComparing to direct DNA sequencing, the accuracy of HRMA was verified by detecting KRAS/TP53 mutations in 2 independent stages. In study stage I, both tissue and stool samples from colorectal neoplasm patients were analyzed. In study stage II, stool samples from patients with colorectal neoplasms, and normal controls in clinical screening settings were examined.ResultsIn study stage I, the HRMA identified 14 of 17 target mutations (82.4%) in stools from cancer patients, and 4 of 5 (80.0%) target mutations in stools from advanced adenoma patients. The mutation detection rate in fecal samples (45.0%; 18/40) and referred tissue samples (55.0%; 22/40) was highly consistent (κ = 0.79). The HRMA detected 1% mutant DNA in a background of wild type DNA. In study stage II, the HRMA assay detected 58.8% (20/34) mutations in tumor samples, 41.5% (17/41) in advanced adenomas samples, and 3.33% (2/60) in age-matched normal control samples. The results from HRMA and DNA sequencing revealed 100% sensitivity and specificity in both tissue and stool samples.ConclusionHRMA is a simple, reliable, and sensitive method for detecting DNA mutations in the stool samples from patients with colorectal neoplasms.     

Digital cutting guide and endoscopically-assisted vertical ramus osteotomy to treat condylar osteochondroma: a long-term study

We have introduced an effective treatment for mandibular condylar osteochondroma with a digital cutting guide and endoscopically-assisted vertical ramus osteotomy (VRO). Eleven patients with unilateral condylar osteochondroma, who did not require orthognathic surgery or had less than 3 mm deviation of the chin and a stable occlusion, were treated during the period April 2013–January 2017 with a digital cutting guide and endoscopically-assisted VRO. Clinical data collected included the occlusion, facial contour, and maximum mouth opening (MMO). Computed tomographic (CT) scans were taken before and after operation. Two patients also had additional shaping of the mandibular contour. The pathological diagnosis was confirmed to be osteochondroma in all cases. A mean (range) 19 (12–40) months of follow-up for all 11 cases showed stable postoperative occlusion and facial aesthetics. There were no functional disturbances, recurrence, or condylar absorption. VRO is an alternative to orthognathic surgery for patients with osteochondroma who do not have severe malocclusions. The digital cutting guide and endoscopically-assisted VRO make it possible to achieve precise resection of the tumour and maintain the occlusion with minimal invasion.     

p-Cymene Modulates In Vitro and In Vivo Cytokine Production by Inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB Activation

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of p-cymene on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory cytokine production both in vitro and in vivo. The production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and C57BL/6 mice was evaluated by sandwich ELISA. Meanwhile, the mRNA levels of cytokine genes were examined in vitro by semiquantitative RT-PCR. In a further study, we analyzed the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways by western blotting. We found that p-cymene significantly regulated TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, the levels of relative mRNAs were also found to be downregulated. In in vivo trail, p-cymene markedly suppressed the production of TNF-α and IL-1β and increased IL-10 secretion. We also found that p-cymene inhibited LPS-induced activation of extracellular signal receptor-activated kinase 1/2, p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and IκBα. These results suggest that p-cymene may have a potential anti-inflammatory action on cytokine production by blocking NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.