Childhood scoliosis: MR imaging

The spinal cords of 28 scoliosis patients between the ages of 1 month and 17 years were examined with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Complete visualization was obtained in all cases. In 15 patients (53%) neuropathologic abnormalities demonstrated by MR imaging significantly affected their clinical course, including tethered cords (n = 7), syringomyelia (n = 5), Arnold-Chiari I malformation (n = 4), spinal cord tumors (n = 2), Arnold-Chiari II malformation (n = 3), and diastematomyelia (n = 1). The advantages of MR imaging in the evaluation of the scoliotic spine in children include a high sensitivity for the occult conditions associated with scoliosis, good anatomic demonstration of the cord, and absence of bone artifacts. MR imaging is recommended as a primary imaging modality in scoliosis, following conventional radiography.     

Synthesis and antirhinovirus activity of cyano and amidino substituted flavanoids

Cyano and amidino flavans, isoflavans and 3(2H)-isoflavenes were synthesized in order to study their in vitro antirhino-virus activity, by comparison with the known corresponding chloro derivatives. The activity of the new compounds was evaluated on rhinovirus 1 B infected HeLa cell cultures by examining their ability to interfere with viral cytopathic effect and with plaque formation. It was found that generally the cyano derivatives behave like the chloro compounds, whereas the amidino derivatives show a lower activity, although always dependent on the position of substituent.     

Digital imaging of the chest

During the past several years, image acquisition in nuclear medicine, computed tomography, ultrasonography, subtraction angiography, and magnetic resonance has been by digitization. Despite these advances, research in the development of digital imaging in conventional radiography has lagged behind. Although studies with a variety of digital techniques have been carried out on several fronts, we still do not possess a method that has captured the imagination of the majority of radiologists and other physicians to a point where it could replace conventional screen-film imaging. This article reviews the current status and general principles of the technology, focusing on the four digital radiographic techniques that have shown the greatest promise - film digitization, an image intensifier - based system, photostimulable phosphor plates, and a scanned projection system. The physical aspects of each of the four systems and the clinical results that have been reported to date, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each system, are presented.     

大鼠红细胞流变性变化及抗运动疲劳效应与补服肉碱和糖的作用

目的:观察单独和配合补充肉碱和糖对大鼠红细胞流变性及抗运动疲劳能力的影响。方法:实验于2005-09/11于河北师范大学体育学院运动生理学实验室完成。①选用SD雄性大鼠72只,按随机数字表法分为4组:安静组(n=6)、安静补服组(n=18)、安慰运动组(n=12)和补服运动组(n=36)。安静补服组和补服运动组均给予3种药物形式:左旋肉碱(由沈阳东宇精细化工有限公司生产)、葡萄糖(济南利民制药有限公司生产)、肉碱和葡萄糖。安静补服组和补服运动组每天上午8∶30给予自来水溶解的肉碱和/或糖补剂,安静组和安慰运动组给予相同量的自来水。连续补充7d,补服量:肉碱组、葡萄糖组、肉碱 葡萄糖组分别为650mg/(kg·d),7g/(kg·d),325mg/(kg·d) 3.5g/(kg·d)。②在实验第8天,将安静组取血4mL。安慰运动组和补服运动组进行无负重游泳至力竭,然后取血。采用北京泰诺德新技术研究所生产的BV-100型无摩擦式血液流变仪测全血高切黏度(180s-1)、全血高切还原黏度(180s-1)、全血低切黏度(3s-1)、全血低切还原黏度(3s-1)、刚性指数及聚集指数。③计量资料进行正态分布、方差齐性检验后,再进行方差分析。结果:大鼠72只均进入结果分析。①红细胞流变性指标变化:安静补服组各组虽大部分红细胞流变性指标有改善,但与安静组相比,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。安慰运动组运动后5min全血高切黏度和全血高切还原黏度明显高于安静组(P<0.01),运动24h后全血高、低切黏度和红细胞聚集指数明显高于安静组(P<0.01)。一次力竭运动后5min各补服运动组全血低切黏度明显低于安慰运动组(P<0.01)。各组间红细胞刚性指数和红细胞聚集指数差异不明显(P>0.05)。各补服运动组间相比,补服肉碱组的全血低切还原黏度最高(P<0.01)。各补服运动组运动后24h全血低切还原黏度和红细胞聚集指数明显低于安慰运动组(P<0.05～0.01),补服肉碱和肉碱 葡萄糖运动组全血低切还原黏度和全血低切黏度、红细胞聚集指数明显高于补服葡萄糖运动组(P<0.05～0.01)。②抗疲劳作用:补服肉碱、葡萄糖、肉碱 葡萄糖运动组大鼠游泳时间分别为(334.5±27.81),(321.0±51.83),(326.5±39.9)min,均长于安慰运动组[(252.5±42.69)min,P<0.01];各补服运动组间差异不明显(P>0.05)。结论:单独补充或合用肉碱和糖均有利于力竭运动后大鼠红细胞流变性指标的改善,导致其运动能力的提高。     

Enhancement of t lymphocyte functions by Fc fragments of immunoglobulins. I. Augmentation of allogeneic mixed lymphocyte culture reactions requires I-A- or I-B-subregion differences between effector and stimulator cell populations

Fc fragments derived from human Ig were found to be capable of enhancing T cell-mediated, antigen-induced proliferative and mixed lymphocyte culture responses. Maximum enhancement occurred when suboptimal amounts of antigen or suboptimal numbers of stimulator cells were employed. Augmentation of the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte culture reaction requires an I-A and/or I-B subregion difference between effector and stimulator cell populations. Although a significant proliferative response was observed with K- or D- region differences, Fc fragments were unable to enhance the response. The T cell population acted upon by Fc fragments in the potentiation of these responses bears the Lyt-1(+)23(-) phenotype.     

Treatment of normal individuals with granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor: donor experiences and the effects on peripheral blood CD34+ cell counts and on the collection of peripheral blood stem cells

BACKGROUND: Granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been used in patients to increase the level of circulating hematopoietic progenitors. Although G-CSF has been administered to some healthy individuals, the kinetics of mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs), the optimum dose schedule and the incidence and nature of adverse reactions in normal individuals are not completely defined. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Normal individuals (n = 102) who received G- CSF for 5 or 10 days at doses of 2, 5, 7.5, or 10 micrograms per kg per day were studied. The subjects were observed for symptoms and physical changes, and blood samples were obtained for a variety of laboratory tests. After 5 or 10 days of G-CSF treatment, PBSCs were collected by apheresis and analyzed. RESULTS: Overall, 89 percent of the individuals completed the 5-day treatment protocol and 88 percent completed the 10- day protocol without modification of the dose of G-CSF administered. Ninety percent of donors experienced some side effect of G-CSF. The most frequent effects noted were bone pain (83%), headache (39%), body aches (23%), fatigue (14%), and nausea and/or vomiting (12%). The dose of G-CSF administered directly affected the proportion of people with bone pain (p = 0.025) or body aches (p = 0.045) or who were feeling hot or having night sweats (p = 0.02) or taking analgesics (p = 0.01). With the 5-day dose schedule, several changes in serum chemistries occurred, including increases in alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (p = 0.0013), lactate dehydrogenase (p = 0.0001), and sodium (p = 0.0001). Decreases occurred in glucose (p = 0.045), potassium (p = 0.0004), bilirubin (p = 0.001), and blood urea nitrogen (p = 0.0017). In donors who received G-CSF for 5 days, the absolute neutrophil count was increased after one G-CSF dose, and it reached a maximum on Day 6, as did the number of CD34+ cells (64.6 +/? 55.9 × 10(6) cells/L). In those same donors, the platelet count after apheresis on Day 6 was 32 +/? 13 percent lower than pretreatment values (250 +/? 42 × 10(9) cells/L). In donors receiving G-CSF for 10 days, the neutrophil count reached a maximum on Day 8, but the number of CD34+ cells peaked on Day 6 (58.3 +/? 52.1 × 10(5) cells/L) and then declined. The platelet count decreased from pretreatment values by 28 +/? 12 percent prior to apheresis on Day 11. When individuals were treated for 5 days with G-CSF, the quantity of CD34+ cells collected was directly related to the G-CSF dose. When 5 micrograms per kg per day was given, 2.80 +/? 1.81 × 10(8) cells were collected, compared with collection of 4.67 +/? 3.11 × 10(8) cells when 10 micrograms per kg per day was given (p = 0.04). More important, PBSCs collected after 10 days of G-CSF administration (5 micrograms/kg/day) had significantly fewer CD34+ cells (0.82 +/? 0.37 × 10(8) cells, p = 0.01) than did PBSCs collected after 5 days of G-CSF (5 micrograms/kg/day). CONCLUSION: Most normal donors receiving G-CSF experience side effects, but these are mild to moderate in degree. Some alterations in blood chemistries occur, but none were clinically serious. Because of the symptoms associated with G-CSF, these individuals must be monitored closely. The treatment of normal donors with G-CSF for more than 5 days significantly decreased the number of circulating CD34+ cells and the quantity collected by apheresis.     

O等位基因引起ABO基因型与表现型定型差异

保证输血时血清学方面的安全,首要的是对受血者与献血者ABO血型定型,血清学检查通常分两个步骤.正定型通常使用鼠源单克隆抗体检测红细胞表面是否存在A或B抗原.互补的实验即反定型,利用当红细胞上缺乏A或B抗原时,人群可天然产生相对应的抗体的原理,检测血清中是否存在抗-A或者抗-B抗体.确定了受血者红细胞表面的ABO抗原以及血浆中的抗体,便能确定血型,为其提供相合的血液.     

汉语阅读障碍儿童在本顿视觉保持测验中的反应特征

目的:比较阅读障碍儿童与正常儿童在本顿视觉保持测验中的反应特征,探索阅读障碍儿童视觉空间记忆能力的特点。方法:①2005-07/2006-05在儿童发育行为门诊遴选阅读障碍儿童20名(平均年龄10.2岁),按1∶1配对原则,选择年龄、性别、年级和家庭状况等条件与阅读障碍组相似的20名正常阅读能力儿童为对照组(平均年龄10.1岁)。②应用国内修订版本顿视觉保持测验C式B法,D式C法和E式D法对两组儿童进行个别测试。C式图卡呈现5s后让被试默画(视觉记忆能力),D式图卡让被试临摹(视觉结构能力),E式图卡呈现10s后间隔15s再让被试默画(视觉延迟记忆能力)。③对两组儿童的视觉记忆保持能力、视觉结构能力和延迟记忆能力进行测试,分别记录两组儿童测验的正确分(每一图卡根据全或无的原则记1或0分,总分0～10)及错误次数(错误类型分为遗漏或增加、变形、持续、旋转、位置错误和大小错误6个范畴),进行配对t检验。结果:40名受试者均进入结果分析。①正确得分:在视觉记忆和视觉结构能力测验中阅读障碍组低于对照组(5.00±2.45,6.60±1.82,P=0.019;7.50±2.44,8.95±1.32,P=0.015),在视觉延迟记忆测试中,两组得分比较差异不显著(P=0.077)。②总错误分:在视觉记忆和视觉结构能力测验中阅读障碍组高于对照组(7.65±4.20,4.90±3.24,P=0.016;3.20±3.93,1.15±1.46,P=0.035),在视觉延迟记忆测试中,两组得分比较差异不显著(P=0.389)。③错误类型:阅读障碍组儿童在视觉记忆能力测试中变形和持续性错误次数均显著多于对照组(3.95±2.40,1.75±1.52;0.35±0.67,0;P均<0.05),在视觉结构能力测试中变形错误次数显著多于对照组(1.35±1.69,0.35±0.75,P<0.05)。结论:阅读障碍儿童的视觉空间短时记忆能力、视觉结构和视觉运动整合能力存在缺陷。     

Loss of high-affinity thrombin receptors during platelet concentrate storage impairs the reactivity of platelets to thrombin

BACKGROUND: The storage of platelet concentrates (PCs) induces a reduction in the platelet surface expression of glycoprotein (GP) Ib alpha. The location of the platelets' high-affinity binding site for thrombin has been postulated as being located on GPIb alpha. This study attempts to determine whether loss or alteration of GPIb alpha during storage of PCs is related to impairment in the reactivity of platelets to thrombin. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In this study, platelet surface expression of GPIb alpha was monitored by means of flow cytometry, throughout standard storage of PCs for up to 10 days. Two thrombin- induced platelet responses, the binding of radiolabeled fibrinogen and the platelet surface expression of P-selectin, were evaluated. Thrombin- binding assays were also performed to assess the number of thrombin receptors in platelets. RESULTS: The surface expression of the GPIb/IX complex declines during storage of PCs. The thrombin-induced maximal binding of fibrinogen in platelets stored for 3, 7, and 10 days was 77 +/? 7 percent, 60 +/? 20 percent, and 34 +/? 25 percent, respectively, of that found in fresh platelets. Moreover, the concentration of thrombin needed for 50 percent of platelets to express the CD62 antigen P-selectin at the surface increased from 0.05 U per mL in fresh platelets to 0.11, 0.56, and 1.2 U per mL in platelets stored for 3, 7, and 10 days, respectively. Thrombin-binding experiments demonstrated a significant reduction in the number of high-affinity binding sites throughout storage of PCs (55 +/? 21 sites/platelet in 10-day-stored platelets vs. 73 +/? 25 in fresh platelets). A significant correlation was also observed between the number of high-affinity thrombin-binding sites and surface expression of GPIb alpha. Selective blockage of the thrombin-binding site on GPIb alpha with monoclonal antibody LJ-Ib10 also inhibited the response of fresh platelets to thrombin, up to a level equivalent to that found in 3-day-stored platelets. CONCLUSION: The loss of the GPIb alpha-located high-affinity thrombin-binding site may impair the ability of platelets to become activated by thrombin as storage time increases.