全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4723篇 |
免费 | 264篇 |
国内免费 | 68篇 |
学科分类
医药卫生 | 5055篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 7篇 |
2023年 | 65篇 |
2022年 | 117篇 |
2021年 | 209篇 |
2020年 | 124篇 |
2019年 | 169篇 |
2018年 | 198篇 |
2017年 | 130篇 |
2016年 | 177篇 |
2015年 | 212篇 |
2014年 | 254篇 |
2013年 | 257篇 |
2012年 | 404篇 |
2011年 | 440篇 |
2010年 | 250篇 |
2009年 | 227篇 |
2008年 | 337篇 |
2007年 | 325篇 |
2006年 | 306篇 |
2005年 | 269篇 |
2004年 | 229篇 |
2003年 | 145篇 |
2002年 | 121篇 |
2001年 | 15篇 |
2000年 | 7篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 10篇 |
1997年 | 9篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1962年 | 1篇 |
1893年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有5055条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
Orthotopic neobladder substitution represents an important step in the evolution of urinary diversion. It is now considered the diversion of choice for the majority of patients, both male and female, who undergo cystectomy and is the procedure with which other types of diversion must be compared. Nevertheless, in the preoperative setting, all options for urinary diversion should be explained comprehensibly to the patient, along with the potential short- and long-term risks and the beneficial effects of each type of diversion. With regard to the risk of urethral recurrence, the decision to perform a neobladder ultimately depends on the intraoperative frozen section analysis of the distal urethral margin.Neobladder construction is based on the concept of detubularization and folding to construct a low-pressure reservoir. All parts of the small and large intestine as well as the stomach have been intensely studied for the construction of neobladders. In this respect, there is substantial agreement in the literature that the terminal ileum possesses superior anatomic and functional characteristics.Given the lack of prospective randomized trials, controversies still exist with regard to the technique for preventing reflux in orthotopic substitutes and the superiority of one neobladder technique over others, provided the detubularized intestinal segment is reconfigured to an adequate-sized spherical reservoir. 相似文献
52.
53.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 4G/5G polymorphism and risk of ischemic stroke: a meta-analysis. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Argirios E Tsantes Georgios K Nikolopoulos Pantelis G Bagos Chrissa G Tsiara Violetta Kapsimali Anthi Travlou Georgios Vaiopoulos 《Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis》2007,18(5):497-504
This study investigated the hypothesis that the insertion/deletion (4G/5G) polymorphism of the plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 gene affects the risk for ischemic stroke, since results concerning this association have been controversial. We therefore performed a meta-analysis of published data regarding this issue. A comprehensive electronic search was carried out until January 2006. The analysis was performed using random-effects models and meta-regression. Eighteen eligible studies were retrieved (15 case-control studies and three cohort studies). The case-control studies included 3104 cases and 4870 control individuals concerning the contrast of 4G/4G versus remaining genotypes. The 4G pooled allele frequencies in cases and controls were 54.21 and 54.75%, respectively. Overall, the per-allele odds ratio of the 4G allele was 0.98 (95% confidence interval, 0.858-1.121). Regarding genotypes, we derived nonsignificant odds ratios in all contrasts. The subanalysis including the three studies with a prospective design in the 4G/4G versus 5G/5G contrast derived a significant result (relative risk, 0.523; 95% confidence interval, 0.353-0.775), but the estimated effect size was insignificant when cohort and case-control studies were analyzed together (relative risk, 0.848; 95% confidence interval, 0.662-1.087). We failed to demonstrate a significant association between the 4G/5G polymorphism and ischemic stroke under basal conditions. Determination of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 function seems of much higher clinical value than determination of the 4G/5G polymorphism. The effect of this genotype on risk of ischemic stroke in acute stressful diseases and the role of cohort studies in genetic epidemiology, however, warrant further investigation. 相似文献
54.
Type 1 and type 2 cytokine-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in primary antiphospholipid syndrome 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Karakantza M Theodorou GL Meimaris N Mouzaki A John E Andonopoulos AP Maniatis A 《Annals of hematology》2004,83(11):704-711
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune condition characterized by thrombosis and/or recurrent fetal loss as well as the presence of autoantibodies against epitopes present on phospholipid-binding proteins. The role of cellular immunity in the pathogenesis of the syndrome remains unclear. We studied the cellular phenotype and the production of type 1 [interferon (IFN)-, interleukin (IL)-2] and type 2 (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines by CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocyte subsets in 13 patients with untreated primary APS (PAPS) and in 32 healthy controls. The production of cytokines was determined in T cells after a 5-h culture with or without mitogenic stimulation using a flow cytometric method of intracellular cytokine staining. In six of the patients these studies were repeated 6 months later. In PAPS patients we found a reduced percentage of circulating CD4+CD45RA+ and an increased percentage and absolute number of CD8+HLA-DR+ cells. A type 1 response was observed in the patients unstimulated cells, indicated by an increase in IFN--producing CD8+, IL-2-producing CD4+ T cells, and a decrease in IL-4-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Similar results were obtained in the patients at follow-up. Taken together, these results suggest a chronic in vivo stimulation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in PAPS patients exhibiting a type 1 polarization. Changes of cellular immunity may contribute to the pathogenesis of the clinical manifestations of the syndrome and might be proven to be useful targets for therapeutic interventions in the future. 相似文献
55.
Michael L Sion Melina C Armenaka Ioannis Georgiadis Georgios Paraskevopoulos Ioannis Nikolaidis 《Thyroid》2004,14(9):786-788
Thyroid invasion by Aspergillus spp. can occur with invasive aspergillosis, although it is rarely diagnosed antemortem. We describe a case of multiple thyroid abscesses from A. fumigatus that caused esophageal obstruction in a patient with myelodysplasia. Despite aggressive antifungal treatment, the outcome was rapidly fatal. 相似文献
56.
Bossi P Tegnell A Baka A Van Loock F Hendriks J Werner A Maidhof H Gouvras G;Task Force on Biological Chemical Agent Threats Public Health Directorate European Commission Luxembourg 《Euro surveillance : bulletin européen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin》2004,9(12):E15-E16
Interest in Brucella species as a biological weapon stems from the fact that airborne transmission of the agent is possible. It is highly contagious and enters through mucous membranes such as the conjunctiva, oropharynx, respiratory tract and skin abrasions. It has been estimated that 10-100 organisms only are sufficient to constitute an infectious aerosol dose for humans. Signs and symptoms are similar in patients whatever the route of transmission and are mostly non-specific. Symptoms of patients infected by aerosol are indistinguishable from those of patients infected by other routes. Regimens containing doxycycline plus streptomycin or doxycycline plus rifampin are effective for most forms of brucellosis. Isolation of patients is not necessary. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and fluoroquinolones also have good results against Brucella, but are associated with high relapse rates when used as monotherapy. The combination of ofloxacin plus rifampicin is associated with good results. Even if there is little evidence to support its utility for post-exposure prophylaxis, doxycycline plus rifampicin is recommended for 3 to 6 weeks. 相似文献
57.
Karamanolis G Sgouros S Karatzias G Papadopoulou E Vasiliadis K Stefanidis G Mantides A 《The American journal of gastroenterology》2005,100(2):270-274
OBJECTIVE: Achalasia is a well-defined esophageal motor disorder for which pneumatic dilation is an established therapeutic method. Even though it has been used for several years, there are limited data on the long-term outcomes of patients treated with this procedure. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy of pneumatic dilation to control the symptoms of achalasia. METHODS: The medical records of all patients treated in our unit for achalasia with pneumatic dilation were reviewed. We identified the long-term result of the initial procedure, the date of the first dilation, and the time interval between dilation and retreatment. RESULTS: Of 260 patients who were treated with pneumatic dilation, 153 (67 men, 86 women) were followed up for more than 5 yr. The mean follow-up period was 11.09 +/- 3.91 yr, and the success rate of the dilation was 75.8%. Among these patients, 35 (19 men, 16 women) had follow-up periods of more than 15 yr. The mean follow-up time of those patients was 16.56 +/- 1.09 yr, and the success rate was 51.4%. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that, overall, 50% of patients develop recurring symptoms after 10.92 yr. CONCLUSIONS: Although 51.4% of patients continued to be in clinical remission more than 15 yr after the initial pneumatic dilation, the long-term success rate of pneumatic dilation seems to drop progressively with time. 相似文献
58.
Margarita Papatheodoridi Jean Baptiste Hiriart Monica Lupsor-Platon Fabrizio Bronte Jerome Boursier Omar Elshaarawy Fabio Marra Maja Thiele Georgios Markakis Audrey Payance Edgar Brodkin Laurent Castera George Papatheodoridis Aleksander Krag Umberto Arena Sebastian Mueller Paul Cales Vincenza Calvaruso Emmanuel A. Tsochatzis 《Journal of hepatology》2021,74(5):1109-1116
59.
Incidence of thrombotic stent occlusion during the first three months after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation in 500 consecutive patients 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Regar E Lemos PA Saia F Degertekin M Tanabe K Lee CH Arampatzis CA Hoye A Sianos G de Feyter P van der Giessen WJ Smits PC van Domburg RT Serruys PW 《The American journal of cardiology》2004,93(10):1271-1275
Sirolimus-eluting stents have been used in our institution for all percutaneous interventions, without clinical or anatomic exclusion criteria, as part of the Rapamycin-Eluting Stent Evaluated At Rotterdam Cardiology Hospital registry. We analyzed the incidence of (sub)acute stent thrombosis after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation in an unselected population of 510 consecutive patients. At 3-month follow-up, (sub)acute stent thrombosis was diagnosed in 2 patients (0.4%) 6 hours and 11 days after the procedure, respectively. These cases occurred in diabetic women with complex coronary lesions. Intravascular ultrasound examination showed inadequate stent expansion and uncovered distal dissection as possible mechanical explanations for the thrombosis. 相似文献