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51.
Kuijpers TF Narváez-Cuenca CE Vincken JP Verloop AJ van Berkel WJ Gruppen H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(13):3507-3514
The antibrowning activity of sodium hydrogen sulfite (NaHSO(3)) was compared to that of other sulfur-containing compounds. Inhibition of enzymatic browning was investigated using a model browning system consisting of mushroom tyrosinase and chlorogenic acid (5-CQA). Development of brown color (spectral analysis), oxygen consumption, and reaction product formation (RP-UHPLC-PDA-MS) were monitored in time. It was found that the compounds showing antibrowning activity either prevented browning by forming colorless addition products with o-quinones of 5-CQA (NaHSO(3), cysteine, and glutathione) or inhibiting the enzymatic activity of tyrosinase (NaHSO(3) and dithiothreitol). NaHSO(3) was different from the other sulfur-containing compounds investigated, because it showed a dual inhibitory effect on browning. Initial browning was prevented by trapping the o-quinones formed in colorless addition products (sulfochlorogenic acid), while at the same time, tyrosinase activity was inhibited in a time-dependent way, as shown by pre-incubation experiments of tyrosinase with NaHSO(3). Furthermore, it was demonstrated that sulfochlorogenic and cysteinylchlorogenic acids were not inhibitors of mushroom tyrosinase. 相似文献
52.
Bernard Davoust Daniel Parzy Jean-Paul Demoncheaux Raphaël Tine Mamadou Diarra Jean-Lou Marié Oleg Mediannikov 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2014
A rapid immuno-migration test for the serological detection of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, Witness® Ehrlichia (WE) (Zoetis, France), was evaluated in 528 serum samples from dogs living in endemic areas of West and East Africa: Senegal (N = 208), Ivory Coast (N = 7), Sudan (N = 27), and Djibouti (N = 286). Of these dogs, 200 were French military working dogs (MWD) temporarily residing in Africa. The WE test results were compared with those obtained by indirect immunofluorescence (IFA). The sensitivity of WE was 97% [94.2, 98.7] with a specificity of 100% [98.6, 100]. In MWD, the seroprevalence (IFA) was 7%; in native dogs, it reached 77.1%. This significant difference can be explained by prophylactic measures from which MWD benefit. The WE test represents a simple, fast and reliable test for the detection of anti-Ehrlichia canis antibodies. Its implementation for the diagnosis of clinical cases has been validated in the field, and its use allows easy detection of asymptomatic dogs that may be carriers of E. canis. 相似文献
53.
Lallès Jean-Paul Lessard Martin Boudry Gaëlle 《Veterinary research communications》2009,33(8):1039-1043
Veterinary Research Communications - Fumonisin B1 (FB1) alters intestinal epithelial cell cycle, absorptive, secretory and barrier properties of intestinal epithelial cells in vitro but data with... 相似文献
54.
Tzitzikas EN Vincken JP de Groot J Gruppen H Visser RG 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(2):425-433
A quantitative characterization of seeds from 59 pea (Pisum sativum L.) lines and relative taxa with various external characteristics and wide geographical origin was performed to explore the genetic variation of pea concerning its starch and protein contents and globulin composition. Pea lines, which produce round, wrinkled, flat, and round-dimpled seeds, have starch as the major reserve, with an average content of 46%. Protein content varied from 13.7 to 30.7% of the seed dry matter, with an overall average of 22.3%. Densitometric quantification of the individual globulins (legumin, vicilin, convicilin, and globulin-related proteins) based on SDS-PAGE gels showed no lines lacking any particular globulin. Among the lines tested, variation was shown in both their total globulins content and their globulin composition. The total globulin content ranged from 49.2 to 81.8% of the total pea protein extract (TPPE). Legumin content varied between 5.9 and 24.5% of the TPPE. Vicilin was the most abundant protein of pea, and its content varied between 26.3 and 52.0% of the TPPE. Both processed and nonprocessed vicilins occurred. The processed vicilin was the predominant one, with values between 17.8 and 40.8%, whereas the nonprocessed ones constituted between 3.1 and 13.5% of the TPPE. Convicilin was the least abundant globulin, and its content ranged from 3.9 to 8.3%. Finally, the globulin-related proteins were present in amounts ranging from 2.8 to 17.3%. They were less abundant in comparison with legumin and vicilin, but they showed the largest relative variation of the four globulin classes. Correlations between the different external characteristics and globulin composition were determined. Comparison with soybean showed that pea lines show more variety in the abundance of globulin proteins, enabling a wider range of food application. 相似文献
55.
Heuskin S Lorge S Godin B Leroy P Frère I Verheggen FJ Haubruge E Wathelet JP Mestdagh M Hance T Lognay G 《Pest management science》2012,68(1):127-136
BACKGROUND: Optimisation of alginate formulations is described in order to develop semiochemical (E-β-farnesene and E-β-caryophyllene) slow-release devices in biological control approaches by attracting predators and parasitoids of aphids. Various formulation criteria were optimised with respect to semiochemical encapsulation capacity. Moreover, the optimised formulation was characterised by texturometry and confocal microscopy. The slow-release rates of semiochemicals were calculated in laboratory controlled conditions. The attractiveness of semiochemical formulations towards Aphidius ervi was demonstrated by olfactometry. RESULTS: Two major parameters were highlighted in encapsulation optimisation: the type of alginate (Sigma L) and the type of crosslinker ion (Ca2+). Other formulation parameters were optimised: ionic strength (0.5 M), Ca2+ (0.2 M) and alginate (1.5%) concentrations and the maturation time of beads in CaCl2 solution (48 h). After physical characterisation of beads, semiochemical slow-release measurements showed that alginate formulations were efficient sesquiterpene releasers, with 503 µg of E-β-farnesene and 1791 µg of E-β-caryophyllene totally released in 35 days. The efficiency of semiochemical alginate beads as attractants for female parasitoids was demonstrated, with high percentages of attraction for semiochemical odours (88 and 90% for E-β-farnesene and E-β-caryophyllene respectively) and significant statistical results. CONCLUSION: Semiochemical alginate beads can be considered as efficient slow-release systems in biological control. These formulations could be very useful to attract aphid parasitoids on crop fields. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
56.
Recent plant diversity changes on Europe's mountain summits 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Pauli H Gottfried M Dullinger S Abdaladze O Akhalkatsi M Benito Alonso JL Coldea G Dick J Erschbamer B Fernández Calzado R Ghosn D Holten JI Kanka R Kazakis G Kollár J Larsson P Moiseev P Moiseev D Molau U Molero Mesa J Nagy L Pelino G Puşcaş M Rossi G Stanisci A Syverhuset AO Theurillat JP Tomaselli M Unterluggauer P Villar L Vittoz P Grabherr G 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6079):353-355
In mountainous regions, climate warming is expected to shift species' ranges to higher altitudes. Evidence for such shifts is still mostly from revisitations of historical sites. We present recent (2001 to 2008) changes in vascular plant species richness observed in a standardized monitoring network across Europe's major mountain ranges. Species have moved upslope on average. However, these shifts had opposite effects on the summit floras' species richness in boreal-temperate mountain regions (+3.9 species on average) and Mediterranean mountain regions (-1.4 species), probably because recent climatic trends have decreased the availability of water in the European south. Because Mediterranean mountains are particularly rich in endemic species, a continuation of these trends might shrink the European mountain flora, despite an average increase in summit species richness across the region. 相似文献
57.
Thierry Olivry AGNÈS Poujade-Delverdier Stanley M. Dunston Jo-David Fine & Jean-Paul Ortonne 《Veterinary dermatology》1997,8(3):203-212
Hereditary junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) represents a subset of mechanobullous diseases associated with defective hemidesmosome/anchoring filament proteins leading to cleavage in the lamina lucida of the epidermal basement membrane. In humans, most cases of JEB have been related to a deficiency of either laminin-5, collagen XVII (BPAG2, BP180) or integrin β4.
We describe the existence of a previously unreported form of familial localized non-lethal JEB in German Shorthaired Pointer littermates. Acral, auricular and oral erosions and ulcers were observed. Severe ulceration of the footpads was present.
Skin biopsy specimens of non-lesional and lesional skin of affected dogs were screened for a defect in basement membrane proteins using indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase testing. Epidermal staining for laminin-5 and integrin α6β4 was similar in affected and normal control dogs. Lack of expression of collagen XVII was uniquely identified in all sections of JEB probands compared with normal control dogs.
The defective expression of collagen XVII is likely to be caused by mutation(s) of the COL17A1 gene, as previously reported in humans. This is, to date, the first report of a deficient basement membrane protein in canine JEB. 相似文献
We describe the existence of a previously unreported form of familial localized non-lethal JEB in German Shorthaired Pointer littermates. Acral, auricular and oral erosions and ulcers were observed. Severe ulceration of the footpads was present.
Skin biopsy specimens of non-lesional and lesional skin of affected dogs were screened for a defect in basement membrane proteins using indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase testing. Epidermal staining for laminin-5 and integrin α6β4 was similar in affected and normal control dogs. Lack of expression of collagen XVII was uniquely identified in all sections of JEB probands compared with normal control dogs.
The defective expression of collagen XVII is likely to be caused by mutation(s) of the COL17A1 gene, as previously reported in humans. This is, to date, the first report of a deficient basement membrane protein in canine JEB. 相似文献
58.
Céline Pernin Jean-Paul Ambrosi Jérôme Cortet Richard Joffre Jean Le Petit Elisabeth Tabone Franck Torre Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,43(1):39-50
A laboratory mesocosm experiment was performed to study the effects of copper-enriched sewage sludge application on a mesofauna community. For 12 weeks, characteristics and changes in this defined and artificial mesofauna community structure were monitored as well as the dynamics of leaf litter decomposition. The mesofauna community comprised six species of Collembola (Folsomia fimetaria, Isotomurus prasinus, Lepidocyrtus cyaneus, Mesaphorura macrochaeta, Parisotoma notabilis, Protaphorura armata), two species of acari Oribatida (Achipteria coleoptrata, Adoristes sp.), one species of acari Gamasida (Hypoaspis aculeifer) and one species of enchytraeid (Enchytraeus crypticus). Three treatments included the addition of 22 g dry weight (DW) sludge spiked with 0, 200 and 1,000 mg Cu kg?1 DW sludge in each mesocosm, and one treatment had 66 g DW sludge spiked with 1,000 mg Cu kg?1 DW sludge added in each mesocosm. Copper, complexed with sludge due to a favourable pH, had no effect on community and litter parameters when added to low amount of sludge. In contrast, tripling the sludge dose in addition to a high dose of Cu changed in time the sludge and leaf chemical composition as well as mesofauna community structure. Responses of the mesofauna to this treatment differed between species. The abundance of species such as I. prasinus, L. cyaneus, M. macrochaeta and P. notabilis decreased, whereas the abundance of H. aculeifer increased and became dominant. 相似文献
59.
Six soil samples taken from three contaminated sites have been assessed using chemical, ecotoxicological and genotoxicological methods. From two of these sites, samples were characterised after remediation. An overall assessment of the soil samples was done with a scheme consisting of two phases. Remediation of main pollutants in these samples, did in general not lead to a risk reduction of the water-extractable ecotoxic and genotoxic potential. It was concluded, that the assessment and remediation of contaminated sites without consideration of biological test systems is not sufficient. Focussing on single hazardous compounds does in many cases not lead to a reduction of the ecotoxic or genotoxic potential. Consequently, effects of accompanying hazardous compounds, which are not routinely quantified, might be underestimated. It was pointed out, that the assessment of contaminated soil samples on the basis of LID-values applying dual dilution series seems to be sufficient for the evaluation, if there is no need for a quantitative comparison of toxic potentials. 相似文献
60.
Jean-Paul Schwitzguébel Daniël van der Lelie Alan Baker David J. Glass Jaco Vangronsveld 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2002,2(2):91-99
Phytoremediation is an emerging technology based on the use of green plants to remove, contain, inactivate or destroy harmful environmental pollutants. Recent developments in Europe and the USA show that the approach is somewhat different on both sides of the Atlantic. In Europe, phytoremediation has more basically been research driven and, based on the outcomes, applications have been envisaged. By contrast, the approach in the USA is more application and experience driven. In spite of a growing track record of commercial success, more demonstration projects are needed to prove that phytoremediation is effective in order to rigorously measure its underlying economics, and to expand its applications. More fundamental research is also required to better understand the complex interactions between pollutants, soil, plant roots and micro-organisms at the rhizosphere level, to increase the bioavailability of pollutants, to fully exploit the metabolic diversity of plants and, thus, to successfully implement this new green technology. 相似文献