Eritoran attenuates tissue damage and inflammation in hemorrhagic shock/trauma

Background

Severe injury and associated hemorrhagic shock lead to an inflammatory response and subsequent increased tissue damage. Numerous reports have shown that injury-induced inflammation and the associated end-organ damage is driven by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation via damage-associated molecular patterns. We examined the effectiveness of Eritoran tetrasodium (E5564), an inhibitor of TLR4 function, in reducing inflammation induced during hemorrhagic shock with resuscitation (HS/R) or after peripheral tissue injury (bilateral femur fracture, BFF).

Material and methods

Mice underwent HS/R or BFF with or without injection of Eritoran (5 mg/kg body weight) or vehicle control given before, both before and after, or only after HS/R or BFF. Mice were sacrificed after 6 h and plasma and tissue cytokines, liver damage (histology; aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase), and inflammation (NF-κB) and gut permeability were assessed.

Results

In HS/R Eritoran significantly reduced liver damage (values ± SEM: alanine aminotransferase 9910 ± 3680 U/L versus 1239 ± 327 U/L and aspartate aminotransferase 5863 ± 2000 U/L versus 1246 ± 243 U/L, P < 0.01) at 6 h compared with control when given just before HS and again just prior to resuscitation. Eritoran administration also led to lower IL-6 levels in plasma and liver and less NF-κB activation in liver. Increases in gut barrier permeability induced by HS/R were also prevented with Eritoran. Eritoran similarly diminished BFF-mediated systemic inflammatory responses.

Conclusion

These data suggest Eritoran can inhibit tissue damage and inflammation induced via TLR4/myeloid differentiation factor 2 signaling from damage-associated molecular patterns released during HS/R or BFF. Eritoran may represent a promising therapeutic for trauma patients to prevent multiple organ failure.     

三种生物制剂复合应用对芥子气兔眼角膜损伤的治疗作用

目的 :观察角膜胶原膜 (CCS)及伍用纤连蛋白 (FN)、表皮生长因子 (EGF)对兔眼角膜芥子气损伤后的治疗作用 ,寻找芥子气眼损伤后眼睑水肿前救治的新方法、新技术和新药物。方法 :将2 4只兔左眼角膜芥子气染毒后 ,随机均分为A ,B ,C组 ,分别用PBS液、CCS及CCS +FN +EGF处理 ,于染毒后 2 ,8,16 ,2 4 ,36 ,4 8和 72h对角膜荧光素着色区拍照 ,计算其上皮愈合速率和上皮破损率。结果 :A ,B ,C三组的角膜上皮愈合速率分别为 (0 .879± 0 .139)mm2 /h、(1.2 2 3± 0 .16 6 )mm2 /h和 (1.543± 0 .2 2 4 )mm2 /h ,统计学处理发现角膜上皮愈合速率各组间差异均非常显著 (P <0 .0 1) ,三组的角膜上皮破损率分别为 71.6 %、57.3%和 4 4 .8% ,统计学差异也非常显著 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :CCS能促进芥子气染毒引起的兔眼角膜损伤的上皮愈合 ,而伍用FN和EGF的效果更佳     

腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术后吻合口漏危险因素的Meta分析

目的 系统分析影响腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术后吻合口漏发生的危险因素.方法 对2003年8月至2013年8月国内外公开发表的有关腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术后吻合口漏发生危险因素的文献进行Meta分析.数据采用优势比（OR）和95％可信区间（95％ CI）表示,采用x2检验和I2对异质性进行分析,采用固定或随机效应模型合并数据.结果 共纳入文献8篇,包括3 289例直肠癌患者,吻合口漏的发生率为6.050％（199/3 289）.男性腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术患者术后吻合口漏发生风险高于女性（OR =2.17,95％ CI：1.54 ～ 3.06,P＜0.05）;新辅助化疗亦可能增加术后吻合口漏发生风险（OR=1.53,95％ CI：1.00～2.32,P＜0.05）;围手术期输血可能增加术后吻合口漏发生风险（OR=4.80,95％ CI：2.98 ～7.73,P＜0.05）;低位直肠癌较高位直肠癌术后吻合口漏发生风险高（OR=1.60,95％CI：1.14～2.23,P＜0.05）;切割闭合器钉匣数目≥3个增加术后吻合口漏发生风险（OR =0.46,95％CI：0.27 ～0.78,P＜0.05）.而ASA分级、肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移、预防性肠造口与术后吻合口瘘发生风险无关（OR=0.66,0.91,1.25,0.78,95％CI：0.36～1.20,0.55～1.51,0.75 ～2.09,0.50 ～1.23,P＞0.05）.结论 男性、新辅助化疗、围手术期输血、低位直肠癌、切割闭合器钉匣数目≥3个是腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术后吻合口漏发生的主要危险因素.     

A multi-center study of using carbon nanoparticles to track lymph node metastasis in T1–2 colorectal cancer

Background

How to identify whether T1–2 colorectal cancers have lymph nodes metastases pre-op or intra-op is a crucial problem in clinic. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using carbon nanoparticles to track lymph nodes metastases in T1–2 colorectal cancers.

Methods

A multi-center study was performed between July 2012 and January 2014. Seventy-three patients with T1–2 colorectal cancer identified by pre-op endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) were recruited. 1 ml carbon nanoparticles suspension was endoscopically injected into the submucosal layer at four points around the site of the primary tumor 1 day before surgery. Laparoscopic radical resection with lymphadenectomy was performed. Sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) were defined as nodes that were black-dyed by carbon nanoparticles. Pathology confirmed whether lymph nodes have cancer metastases and the SLNs accuracy.

Results

SLNs were easily found under laparoscopy. The mean number of SLNs was 3 (range 1–5). All patients had SLNs lying alongside the mesenteric vessel or main arterial vessel. After pathological analysis, 2 patients (9.52 %) had lymph node metastasis in 21 patients with EUS T1 cancers, and 10 patients (19.23 %) had lymph node metastasis in 52 patients with EUS T2 cancers. In two T1 cases with lymph node metastasis, SLNs were positive with 100 % accuracy. In ten T2 cases with lymph node metastasis, SLNs were positive in nine cases. In pathology, carbon nanoparticles were seen in lymphatic vessels, and lymphoid sinus and macrophages in negative SLNs. When SLNs were positive, carbon nanoparticles were seen around cancer cells in lymph nodes. The overall sensitivity, specificity, accuracy of SLNs in T1–2 colorectal cancers were 91.67, 100, 98.63 %, respectively.

Conclusions

We demonstrated the feasibility of using carbon nanoparticles to track lymph nodes metastases in T1–2 colorectal cancers. Carbon nanoparticles black-dyed lymph nodes play a role as SLNs in T1–2 colorectal cancers.     

mini-CEX在实习护生出科专科操作考核中的应用

目的探讨中文版迷你临床演练评估(mini-CEX.cn)应用于实习护生出科专科操作考核的效果。方法将162名本科护生随机分为对照组80名和观察组82名。对照组应用传统考评方法进行出科专科操作考核,观察组应用mini-CEX.cn进行出科专科操作考核。结果对照组考核结果优秀率43.75%、符合要求率50.00%,观察组优秀率85.37%,符合要求率14.63%;96.34%的观察组护生认为mini-CEX.cn能有效反映受试者的综合能力,95.12%认为能够体现以考促学,97.56%认为对提高临床能力有较大的帮助。结论实习护生出科专科操作考核应用mini-CEX.cn兼具教学与评量的作用,教学相长,能够有效评价护生的能力。     

法舒地尔对阻塞性黄疸大鼠肝缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 探讨法舒地尔对阻塞性黄疸大鼠肝缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 成熟SD大鼠160只随机分成实验组(A组)及对照组(B组)两大组,两组再分别分为4个亚组,分别为假手术组(A1、B1组)、阻塞性黄疸组(A2、B2组)、肝缺血再灌注组(A3、B3组)及阻塞性黄疸+肝缺血再灌注组(A4、B4组).A2、B2组采用双重结扎切断胆总管的方法建立模型,A3、B3组采用阻断肝门部血管30 min后再灌注的方法建立模型.A4、B4组于建立阻塞性黄疸模型1周后再次建立缺血再灌注模型.A组于缺血前30 min腹腔内注射法舒地尔10 mg/kg,B组对应注射等量生理盐水.两组分别于再灌注0h、1h、2h、6h取材,检测血清肝功能改变及血清内皮素1水平.采用SPSS软件对重复测量结果进行统计分析,光镜下观察肝脏病理学改变.结果 实验组各时点血清转氨酶水平、血清内皮素1水平均显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),实验组各时点光镜下肝脏病理组织学损伤也较对照组明显减轻.结论 法舒地尔对阻塞性黄疸大鼠的肝缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用.     

胆道内冷盐水灌注预防兔肝射频消融术中胆道急性热损伤的研究

目的探讨活体兔肝于射频消融(RFA)术中行胆道内冷盐水灌注冷却(ICSP)对胆道免受热损伤的保护作用。方法取健康雄性新西兰大白兔16只随机分为2组,每组8只。实验组于RFA术前开腹行胆总管置管,并于RFA术中经胆总管置管行ICSP;对照组于RFA术前开腹,但未行胆总管置管及ICSP。RFA术中射频针针尖定位于距肝门部主胆管约5 mm。RFA术后行超声造影(CEUS)测量消融灶大小,并于RFA术后6 h取兔肝脏大体标本对消融灶旁主胆管行组织病理学检查。分析比较两组间RFA消融灶大小及主胆管损伤程度的差异。结果实验组与对照组间RFA消融灶大小差异无统计学意义;对照组RFA术后主胆管损伤程度比实验组严重(P<0.05)。结论于RFA术中行ICSP对胆管可以起到较好的保护作用。     

循证护理在乳腺癌化疗患者癌因性疲乏中的应用

目的探讨循证护理应用到乳腺癌化疗患者癌因性疲乏的作用。方法用循证护理方法对我院乳腺科接受化疗的157例乳腺癌患者进行个性化护理,观察其效果。结果154例患者感到身心疲惫明显缓解,尤其是食欲不振和睡眠障碍有明显改善。结论循证护理方法使护理活动更加科学化、专业化,行之有效,提高护理质量。     

Study for reducing lung dose of upper thoracic esophageal cancer radiotherapy by auto-planning: volumetric-modulated arc therapy vs intensity-modulated radiation therapy

This study aimed to investigate the dosimetric differences and lung sparing between volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in the treatment of upper thoracic esophageal cancer with T3N0M0 for preoperative radiotherapy by auto-planning (AP). Sixteen patient cases diagnosed with upper thoracic esophageal cancer T3N0M0 for preoperative radiotherapy were retrospectively studied, and 3 plans were generated for each patient: full arc VMAT AP plan with double arcs, partial arc VMAT AP plan with 6 partial arcs, and conventional IMRT AP plan. A simultaneous integrated boost with 2 levels was planned in all patients. Target coverage, organ at risk sparing, treatment parameters including monitor units and treatment time (TT) were evaluated. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to check for significant differences (p?<?0.05) between datasets. VMAT plans (pVMAT and fVMAT) significantly reduced total lung volume treated above 20?Gy (V₂₀), 25?Gy (V₂₅), 30?Gy (V₃₀), 35?Gy (V₃₅), 40?Gy (V₄₀), and without increasing the value of V₁₀, V₁₃, and V₁₅. For V₅ of total lung value, pVMAT was similar to aIMRT, and it was better than fVMAT. Both pVMAT and fVMAT improved the target dose coverage and significantly decreased maximum dose for the spinal cord, monitor unit, and TT. No significant difference was observed with respect to V₁₀ and V₁₅ of body. VMAT AP plan was a good option for treating upper thoracic esophageal cancer with T3N0M0, especially partial arc VMAT AP plan. It had the potential to effectively reduce lung dose in a shorter TT and with superior target coverage and dose homogeneity.