眼视光学专业“医教研防”一体化协同育人模式的创建与实践

为培养满足社会及行业对眼视光专业人才的需求，深度融合附属眼科医院、眼科与视光医学院、眼科研究所和青少年视力低下防治中心的人才、设施、设备和各类资源，创建“医教研防”一体化协同育人模式。以“知识、技能、素养”为一体的高素质应用型人才培养过程为主线，通过依据行业人才标准确立专业人才培养目标、以胜任力为导向优化专业课程体系、改革教学组织形式创建“2+2”教学、打造“双师型”师资队伍、建设“一体两翼”专业教育综合实践平台等实践，取得良好效果。     

老年难治性心力衰竭患者BNP、hs-CRP水平与心功能的相关性及其临床意义

【摘要】目的：探究老年难治性心力衰竭（心衰）患者BNP、hs-CRP水平与心功能的相关性及其临床意义。方法：以我院心内科近两年收治的61例老年难治性心衰患者为临床研究对象，作为心衰组，另选20例健康志愿者作为对照组。心衰组患者按照NYHA分级的不同，从低到高分成A、B、C三组。对患者进行BNP与hs-CRP测定，并测定患者的心功能LVDD和LVEF。跟踪记录患者的心血管事件发生情况，比较患者BNP、hs-CRP、LVEF、LVDD水平的差异。结果：与对照组相比，心衰组患者的LVDD、BNP与hs-CRP指标显著较高而LVEF指标显著较低；A、B、C三组患者的LVDD、BNP与hs-CRP指标逐渐升高、LVEF水平逐渐下降；与无心血管事件患者相比，出现心血管事件患者的BNP、hs-CRP、LVDD水平显著较高，LVEF指标则显著低。差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：BNP与hs-CRP指标与老年难治性患者的心功能具有密切的关系，BNP、hs-CRP以及患者的LVEF、LVDD水平是临床诊断老年难治性心衰的重要标志物，具有重要的临床诊断价值。     

Outcome of manipulation under anesthesia with or without intra-articular steroid injection for treating frozen shoulder: A retrospective cohort study

Manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) combined with intra-articular steroid injection (ISI) is preferred in management of the refractory frozen shoulder (FS). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of MUA with ISI or not on pain severity and function of the shoulder.Data on 141 patients receiving MUA with primary FS refractory to conservative treatments for at least 1 month were retrospectively obtained from medical records. We performed propensity score matching analysis between patients receiving MUA only and those receiving MUA plus ISI, and then conducted logistic regression analysis to identify the risk factors for the need to other treatments during 6-month follow-up.More improvement in terms of the SPADI pain scores and passive ROM at 2 weeks after first intervention remained in patients receiving MUA plus ISI after matching. The need to other treatments during 6-month follow-up occurred in 10.6% patients (n = 141). Logistic regression analysis revealed that a repeat MUA 1 week after first intervention was a protective factor (OR 0.042; 95% CI 0.011–0.162; P = .000) and duration of disease was the only one risk factor (OR 1.080; 95% CI 1.020–1.144; P = .008) for the need to other treatments during follow-up.ISI immediately following MUA provided additional benefits in rapid relief of pain and disability for patients with refractory FS. Pain and disability of the shoulder may be rapidly alleviated by an earlier MUA from the onset of the symptoms and a repeat MUA 1 week after first intervention.     

Feishu Acupuncture Inhibits Acetylcholine Synthesis and Restores Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor M2 Expression in the Lung When Treating Allergic Asthma

Acupuncture was proven beneficial in treating allergic inflammation. We aimed to explore the regulation underlying the effects of acupuncture on Feishu, an acupoint most commonly used in the acupuncture therapy for respiratory diseases, with respect to the system of sympathetic nerve neurotransmitter acetylcholine (Ach). Male Wistar rats were randomly grouping. No treatment was taken in the normal group. Allergic asthma was induced using ovalbumin on the model, Feishu acupuncture, and sham acupuncture groups; then control or acupuncture treatment lasting for 3 weeks was performed. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from the four groups was examined. And pulmonary tissues were subjected to histological analysis with H&E staining; besides, immunofluorescent staining, quantitative PCR, and western blot were used to detect synthetase (ChAT) and Ach hydrolase (AchE), and its muscarinic receptors (mAchRs) M1-M3. There was inflammatory infiltration in the lung upon allergic asthma, which was alleviated by the Feishu acupuncture. The eosinophilic granulocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes in BALF from the Feishu acupuncture group were all significantly decreased compared with those of the model and sham acupuncture groups. The specific acupuncture on Feishu upon allergic asthma put down the pulmonary expression of ChAT, repaired at the level of gene expression the pulmonary expression of mAchR M1, and restored the pulmonary expression of mAchR M2 (especially in the bronchiolar epithelium) which has a role in inhibiting Ach release; while sham acupuncture had no effect. These results confirmed the therapeutic effects of Feishu acupuncture on allergic asthma, suggesting that the mechanisms may involve suppression of the Ach signal both from its synthesis and during its release.     

DNA Modifications and Neurological Disorders

Mounting evidence has recently underscored the importance of DNA methylation in normal brain functions. DNA methylation machineries are responsible for dynamic regulation of methylation patterns in discrete brain regions. In addition to methylation of cytosines in genomic DNA (5-methylcytosine; 5mC), other forms of modified cytosines, such as 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine, and 5-carboxylcytosine, can potentially act as epigenetic marks that regulate gene expression. Importantly, epigenetic modifications require cognate binding proteins to read and translate information into gene expression regulation. Abnormal or incorrect interpretation of DNA methylation patterns can cause devastating consequences, including mental illnesses and neurological disorders. Although DNA methylation was generally considered to be a stable epigenetic mark in post-mitotic cells, recent studies have revealed dynamic DNA modifications in neurons. Such reversibility of 5mC sheds light on potential mechanisms underlying some neurological disorders and suggests a new route to correct aberrant methylation patterns associated with these disorders.     

Bufalin,a bufanolide steroid from the parotoid glands of the Chinese toad,suppresses hERG K+ currents expressed in HEK293 cells

In this study, we investigated the effect of bufalin on the human ether‐à‐go‐go‐related gene (hERG) K⁺ channels using the perforated patch recording technique. We measured a half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 24.83 μM and maximal inhibitory effect of 39.45 ± 1.14% with bufalin. These findings suggest that bufalin is a potent hERG K⁺ channel blocker and may provide a new way for understanding Chan Su‐induced arrhythmia.     

Diffusion tensor imaging detects treatment effects of FTY720 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice

Fingolimod (FTY720) is an orally available sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator reducing relapse frequency in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). In addition to immunosuppression, neuronal protection by FTY720 has also been suggested, but remains controversial. Axial and radial diffusivities derived from in vivo diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were employed as noninvasive biomarkers of axonal injury and demyelination to assess axonal protection by FTY720 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice. EAE was induced through active immunization of C57BL/6 mice using myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide 35–55 (MOG_35–55). We evaluated both the prophylactic and therapeutic treatment effect of FTY720 at doses of 3 and 10 mg/kg on EAE mice by daily clinical scoring and end‐point in vivo DTI. Prophylactic administration of FTY720 suppressed the disease onset and prevented axon and myelin damage when compared with EAE mice without treatment. Therapeutic treatment by FTY720 did not prevent EAE onset, but reduced disease severity, improving axial and radial diffusivity towards the control values without statistical significance. Consistent with previous findings, in vivo DTI‐derived axial and radial diffusivity correlated with clinical scores in EAE mice. The results support the use of in vivo DTI as an effective outcome measure for preclinical drug development. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.