三维超声心动图测定机械瓣瓣口面积初步经验

观察三维超声心动图测定机械瓣瓣口面积的可行性。方法１１例机械瓣置换病例,用任意 切面（ａｎｙｐｌａｎｅ）３ＤＥ测定机械瓣瓣口有效面积,将测定值与多普勒超声心动图（ＤＥ）测定的有效瓣口面积（包括实测值和文献报道测值）及生产厂商提供的离体瓣口面积比较。     

Prevalence and classification of HIV-associated oral lesions

OBJECTIVES: An International Workshop addressed the prevalence and classification of HIV/AIDS associated oral lesions.
DESIGN: Five questions provided the framework for discussion and literature review. What is the prevalence of oral lesions in children and adults? Should the accepted classification of HIV-related oral lesions be modified in the light of recent findings? Why is there a gender difference in the prevalence of oral lesions in developed and developing countries? Are there unusual lesions present in developing countries? Is there any association between modes of transmission and the prevalence of oral lesions?
RESULTS: Workshop discussion emphasized the urgent need for assistance in the development of expertise to obtain accurate global prevalence data for HIV-associated oral lesions. Oral candidiasis has been consistently reported as the most prevalent HIV-associated oral lesion in all ages. Penicilliosis marneffei, a newly described fungal infection, has emerged in South-east Asia. Oral hairy leukoplakia and Kaposi's sarcoma appear to be associated with male gender and male-to-male HIV transmission risk behaviours. These lesions occur only rarely in children.
CONCLUSIONS: Additional prevalence data are needed from developing countries prior to substantially altering the 1993 ECC/WHO Classification of oral lesions associated with adult HIV infection. The workshop confirmed current oral disease diagnostic criteria.     

Radiopathological review of small bowel carcinoid tumours

Small bowel carcinoid tumours are endocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract. This pictorial essay will review the pathology, clinical features, treatment and prognosis and illustrate the radiographic, computed tomographic, sonographic, magnetic resonance and nuclear medicine appearances of small bowel carcinoid tumours.     

云南甘草中新三萜成分的研究

自云南甘草(Clycyrrhiza yunnanensis)根中分离出10个化合物,经化学方法和光谱解析,鉴定9个为五环三萜类化合物:3β,21α,24-三羟基-齐墩果-12-烯-29-羧酸(Ⅰ)、3β,21α-二羟基-齐墩果-12-烯(Ⅱ)、3β,21α,24-三羟基-齐墩果-12-烯(Ⅲ)、桦木酸(Ⅳ)、23-羟基桦木酸(Ⅴ)、齐墩果酸(Ⅵ)、3β-羟基-16-氧-11,13(18)-二烯-3O-羧酸(Ⅶ)、24-羟基甘草内酯(Ⅷ)和21α-乙酰氧基木栓烷-3-酮(Ⅸ);另一个为β-胡萝卜甙(Ⅹ)。其中Ⅰ和Ⅱ为新化合物,分别命名为云南甘草皂甙元B1和B2。其余7个是已知物,但Ⅴ和Ⅸ首次得自甘草属植物,Ⅳ,Ⅵ和Ⅷ首次自云南甘草中分离得到。